Semiconductor storage device, read method thereof, and test method thereof

ABSTRACT

A first pre-sense amplifier connected to reference cells that hold data of logical value “1” via a first bit line outputs a signal that is obtained by delaying a first amplified signal that is obtained by amplifying a voltage of the first bit line when a memory cell is read. A second pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells via a second bit line generates a second amplified signal by amplifying a voltage of the second bit line when a memory cell is read. The second pre-sense amplifier receives a signal. When a voltage of the signal reaches a threshold or more, the second pre-sense amplifier drops the voltage of the second bit line to a ground potential.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 16/509,954, filed on Jul. 12, 2019, which claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-138970, filed on Jul. 25, 2018, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-095244, filed on May 21, 2019. This application further claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-214875, filed on Nov. 28, 2019, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-085395, filed on May 14, 2020. All of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD

The embodiments discussed herein are related to a semiconductor storage device, a read method thereof, and a test method thereof.

BACKGROUND

There is a semiconductor storage device including memory cells including capacitors. In this semiconductor storage device, the charges accumulated in a capacitor are read to a bit line, and a voltage based on the charge amount is amplified by a sense amplifier.

As a reading technique of a ferroelectric memory, which is one example of the above type of semiconductor storage device, there has been proposed a bit-line GND sense technique in which a voltage needed for reading is ensured even when the power supply voltage is a low voltage. See, for example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2002-133857, and “Bitline GND Sensing Technique for Low-Voltage Operation FeRAM” by Shoichiro Kawashima et al., IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, May 2002, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 592-597.

In the bit line GND sense technique, the charges read from a memory cell to a bit line are transferred to a charge accumulation circuit via a charge transfer circuit in such a manner that the potential of the bit line does not fluctuate when a voltage is applied to a plate line. Next, the logical value of the data stored in the memory cell is determined based on the charge amount transferred to the charge accumulation circuit. The charge transfer circuit includes a p-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), which will simply be referred to as a pMOS transistor. The gate-source voltage of the pMOS transistor is initially set to match the threshold voltage of the pMOS transistor before a voltage is applied to a plate line. The gate of the pMOS transistor is controlled by an inverter amplifier that drops the output voltage based on a rise in the voltage of the bit line. In a read operation, the inverter amplifier senses a slight rise in the voltage of the bit line, causes the charges to flow by opening the gate of the pMOS transistor, and sets the voltage of the bit line back to GND (ground potential). The potential difference based on the difference in the charge amount transferred to the charge accumulation circuit between when data of logical value “1” is read and when data of logical value “0” is read is amplified by a sense amplifier, and the logical value is determined.

See, for example, the following documents:

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-179664

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-220163

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-90937

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-140493

However, recent years have seen a rise in the bit line resistance along with miniaturization of semiconductor storage devices, and the rise in the bit line voltage in a read operation has been decreased. This reduces the potential difference based on the difference in the charge amount transferred to the charge accumulation circuit between when data of logical value “1” is read and when data of logical value “0” is read. As a result, the read margin is reduced. For example, in the bit line GND sense technique, when the rise in the bit line voltage is small in a read operation, the gate of the charge transfer circuit is not sufficiently opened, and the above potential difference is not sufficiently obtained.

SUMMARY

In an aspect, there is provided a semiconductor storage device including: a memory cell which includes a first capacitor that accumulates charges of a first charge amount corresponding to data of a first logical value or data of a second logical value, reading of which causes a voltage of a bit line to change more quickly than reading of the data of the first logical value; a first reference cell which includes a second capacitor that accumulates charges of a second charge amount corresponding to data of the second logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a second reference cell which includes a third capacitor that accumulates charges of a third charge amount corresponding to data of the first logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a first read circuit which is connected to the first reference cell via a first bit line, generates a first amplified signal by amplifying a first voltage of the first bit line when the memory cell is read, and outputs a stop signal that is obtained by delaying the first amplified signal; a second read circuit which is connected to the second reference cell via a second bit line, generates a second amplified signal by amplifying a second voltage of the second bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the stop signal, and drops the second voltage to a ground potential when a voltage of the stop signal reaches a threshold; a third read circuit which is connected to the memory cell via a third bit line, generates a third amplified signal by amplifying a third voltage of the third bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the stop signal, and drops the third voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the stop signal reaches the threshold; and a determination circuit which outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining a logical value of data stored in the memory cell based on a potential difference between the first amplified signal and the third amplified signal and a potential difference between the second amplified signal and the third amplified signal.

The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a memory cell array;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a sense amplifier unit;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “1”;

FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier of a semiconductor storage device according to a third embodiment, the pre-sense amplifier being connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “I”;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier of the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment, the pre-sense amplifier being connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “1”;

FIG. 10 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a timing chart illustrating examples of changes of voltages of a word line, a plate line, and bit lines in a write-back operation;

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a fourth embodiment;

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a circuit that generates a signal STOP;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a circuit that generates a detection signal PDET;

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a determination circuit;

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of the determination circuit;

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”;

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “1”;

FIG. 19 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a fifth embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the fifth embodiment;

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a sixth embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a seventh embodiment;

FIG. 25 illustrates a semiconductor storage device according to a comparative example;

FIG. 26 illustrates timing charts of an example in which a small margin occurs;

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier of a semiconductor storage device according to an eighth embodiment;

FIG. 28 illustrates an example of a selection circuit;

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a test system;

FIG. 30 illustrates timing charts of examples of data determination results based on margins about a memory cell a;

FIG. 31 illustrates timing charts of examples of data determination results based on margins about a memory cell b;

FIG. 32 illustrates timing charts of examples of data determination results based on margins about a memory cell c;

FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a test method of a semiconductor storage device;

FIG. 34 illustrates an example of how the difference in the number of fail bits counted changes by changing a time at which a detection signal PDETt changes;

FIG. 35 illustrates another example of how the difference in the number of fail bits counted changes by changing a time at which a detection signal PDETt changes;

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of positional dependence of fail bits;

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of positional dependence of an amplified signal and a determination margin;

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a ninth embodiment;

FIG. 39 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier of the semiconductor storage device according to the ninth embodiment;

FIG. 40 illustrates a control signal generation example;

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of how the positional dependence of the amplified signal and the determination margin is solved;

FIG. 42 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a tenth embodiment;

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a plate line driver; and

FIG. 44 illustrates a control signal generation example.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Several embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a first embodiment.

For example, this semiconductor storage device 10 is a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM). The semiconductor storage device 10 includes a plurality of memory cells including a memory cell 11, a plurality of reference cells including reference cells 12 and 13, read circuits (which will hereinafter be referred to as pre-sense amplifiers) 14 to 16, and a determination circuit 17. Other components such as a column decoder, a row decoder, etc. of the semiconductor storage device 10 are not illustrated in FIG. 1.

The following description assumes that the reference cells 12 and 13 hold data of logical values “1” and “0”, respectively. However, the reference cells 12 and 13 may hold data of the logical values “0” and “1”, respectively.

The memory cell 11 includes an n-channel type MOSFET (which will hereinafter be referred to as an nMOS transistor) 11 a and a capacitor 11 b. The gate of the nMOS transistor 11 a is connected to a word line WL. One of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 11 a is connected to a bit line BL, and the other one of the drain and the source is connected to one end of the capacitor 11 b. The other end of the capacitor 11 b is connected to a plate line PL.

The reference cell 12 includes an nMOS transistor 12 a and a capacitor 12 b. The gate of the nMOS transistor 12 a is connected to the word line WL. One of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 12 a is connected to a bit line BLR1, and the other one of the drain and the source is connected to one end of the capacitor 12 b. The other end of the capacitor 12 b is connected to the plate line PL.

The reference cell 13 includes an nMOS transistor 13 a and a capacitor 13 b. The gate of the nMOS transistor 13 a is connected to the word line WL. One of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 13 a is connected to a bit line BLR0, and the other one of the drain and the source is connected to one end of the capacitor 13 b. The other end of the capacitor 13 b is connected to the plate line PL.

When the memory cell 11 is read, the reference cells 12 and 13 are also read.

While not illustrated in FIG. 1, other than the memory cell 11, a plurality of memory cells, each of which is connected to a different word line and plate line, are also connected to the bit line BL. In addition, a plurality of memory cells connected to different word lines and plate lines are also connected to other bit lines. These memory cells have the same configuration as that of the memory cell 11. In addition, other than the reference cells 12 and 13, a plurality of reference cells connected to different word lines and plate lines are connected to the bit lines BLR1 and BLR0. These memory cells have the same configuration as that of the reference cell 12 or 13.

While the following description assumes that the capacitors 11 b, 12 b, and 13 b are ferroelectric capacitors, other capacitors may alternatively be used.

The capacitor 11 b in the memory cell 11 holds charges of a charge amount corresponding to data of logical value “0” or “1”. In contrast, the capacitor 12 b in the reference cell 12 holds charges of a charge amount corresponding to data of logical value “l”. In addition, the capacitor 13 b in the reference cell 13 holds charges of a charge amount corresponding to data of logical value “0”. Reading of the data of logical value “1” causes the voltage of a bit line to change more quickly than reading of the data of logical value “0” does.

The pre-sense amplifier 14 is connected to the memory cell 11 via the bit line BL and generates an amplified signal Pout by amplifying the voltage of the bit line BL when the memory cell 11 is read. In addition, when the pre-sense amplifier 14 drops the voltage of the bit line BL to GND when the voltage of a signal STOP (described later) outputted by the pre-sense amplifier 15 reaches a predetermined threshold or more.

The pre-sense amplifier 14 includes an initialization circuit 14 a, an amplifier circuit 14 b, and a reset circuit 14 c.

The initialization circuit 14 a is connected to the bit line BL and drops the voltage of the bit line BL to GND based on a control signal BUSGND. For example, the initialization circuit 14 a includes an nMOS transistor 14 a 1. The gate of the nMOS transistor 14 a 1 is supplied with the control signal BUSGND. The source of the nMOS transistor 14 a 1 is connected to ground, and the drain is connected to the bit line BL. The control signal BUSGND is supplied from a timing generation circuit (not illustrated).

The amplifier circuit 14 b amplifies the voltage of the bit line BL. For example, the amplifier circuit 14 b includes capacitors 14 b 1 and 14 b 3 and inverters 14 b 2 and 14 b 4. One end of the capacitor 14 b 1 is connected to the bit line BL, and the other end of the capacitor 14 b 1 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 14 b 2. The output terminal of the inverter 14 b 2 is connected to one end of the capacitor 14 b 3, and the other end of the capacitor 14 b 3 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 14 b 4. The output terminal of the inverter 14 b 4 is connected to the reset circuit 14 c. In addition, in the example of the pre-sense amplifier 14 in FIG. 1, the output signal of the inverter 14 b 4 is the amplified signal Pout, which is an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 14.

When the voltage of the signal STOP reaches a predetermined threshold or more, the reset circuit 14 c drops the voltage of the bit line BL to GND. The reset circuit 14 c includes an nMOS transistor 14 c 1 and a detection circuit 14 c 2. The gate of the nMOS transistor 14 c 1 is supplied with the signal STOP. The source of the nMOS transistor 14 c 1 is connected to ground, and the drain is connected to the bit line BL. The above threshold is the threshold voltage Vth of the nMOS transistor 14 c 1.

The detection circuit 14 c 2 in the pre-sense amplifier 14 is not active. The detection circuit 14 c 2 is arranged to match the load of the pre-sense amplifier 14 and the load of the pre-sense amplifier 15 including a detection circuit 15 c 2 corresponding to the detection circuit 14 c 2. However, the pre-sense amplifier 14 may be configured without the detection circuit 14 c 2.

The other bit lines connected to a plurality of memory cells are also connected to pre-sense amplifiers having the same configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 14.

The pre-sense amplifier 15 is connected to the reference cell 12 via the bit line BLR1 and generates an amplified signal Pout1 by amplifying the voltage of the bit line BLR1 when the memory cell 11 is read. In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 15 outputs the signal STOP, which is obtained by delaying the amplified signal Pout1.

As is the case with the pre-sense amplifier 14, the pre-sense amplifier 15 includes an initialization circuit 15 a, an amplifier circuit 15 b, and a reset circuit 15 c. For example, the initialization circuit 15 a includes an nMOS transistor 15 a 1, and the amplifier circuit 15 b includes capacitors 15 b 1 and 15 b 3 and inverters 15 b 2 and 15 b 4. For example, the reset circuit 15 c includes an nMOS transistor 15 c 1 and a detection circuit 15 c 2.

These circuit elements are connected in the same way as those in the pre-sense amplifier 14, except the reset circuit 15 c.

The detection circuit 15 c 2 in the reset circuit 15 c in the pre-sense amplifier 15 outputs the signal STOP, which is obtained by delaying the output signal (amplified signal Pout1) of the amplifier circuit 15 b. For example, the detection circuit 15 c 2 may be configured by using an even number of stages of inverters or delay circuits.

The pre-sense amplifier 16 is connected to the reference cell 13 via the bit line BLR0 and generates an amplified signal Pout0 by amplifying the voltage of the bit line BLR0 when the memory cell 11 is read. The pre-sense amplifier 16 may have the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 15. In the example of the semiconductor storage device 10 in FIG. 1, the pre-sense amplifier 16 does not output the signal STOP.

The determination circuit 17 outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data of the memory cell 11 based on the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout1 and the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout0.

For example, the determination circuit 17 includes a sense amplifier that amplifies the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout1 and a sense amplifier that amplifies the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout0. These two sense amplifiers have output terminals that are short-circuited. The determination circuit 17 determines a determination result by amplifying the larger one of the potential differences more greatly first and subordinating the other sense amplifier.

Hereinafter, an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device 10 according to the first embodiment will be described. The following example assumes that the logic level of the control signal BUSGND is a low (L) level. In FIG. 1, how the voltages of the word line WL, the plate line PL, the bit line BL, the amplified signal Pout, and the signal STOP change over time are illustrated.

At timing t1, when a predetermined voltage (a voltage equal to or more than the threshold voltage of the nMOS transistors 11 a, 12 a, and 13 a) is applied to the word line WL, the nMOS transistors 11 a, 12 a, and 13 a are set to an on-state.

Next, at timing t2, when a predetermined voltage (a read voltage) is applied to the plate line PL, the charges based on the charge amount accumulated in the capacitor 11 b is read to the bit line BL. As a result, the voltage of the bit line BL rises. In the example in FIG. 1, the case in which data of logical value “1” is stored in the memory cell 11 causes the voltage of a bit line BL to change more quickly than the case in which data of logical value “0” is stored in the memory cell 11 does. When the voltage of the bit line BL rises, the voltage of the amplified signal Pout also rises.

While not illustrated in FIG. 1, the voltage of the amplified signal Pout1 changes in the same way as the voltage of the amplified signal Pout does when data of logical value “1” is stored in the memory cell 11. In addition, the voltage of the amplified signal Pout0 changes in the same way as the voltage of the amplified signal Pout does when data of logical value “0” is stored in the memory cell 11.

Next, when the signal STOP supplied to the pre-sense amplifier 14 reaches the threshold voltage Vth of the nMOS transistor 14 c 1 (timing t3), the nMOS transistor 14 c 1 are set to an on-state, and the voltage of the bit line BL drops to GND.

If the nMOS transistor 14 c 1 remains off, the voltage of the bit line BL continues to rise. In this case, as indicated by a dotted line, the amplified signal Pout rises even after timing t3 also at the time of reading data of logical value “0”. When data of logical value “1” is read, since the rise of the amplified signal Pout is saturated at a power supply voltage VDD, the difference in the amplified signal Pout between the two logical values is reduced. As a result, the read margin is reduced. If the resistance of the bit line BL increases along with the miniaturization of the semiconductor storage device 10, the voltage of the bit line BL rises less. Consequently, the difference in the amplified signal Pout between the two logical values is reduced further. Therefore, the determination circuit 17 could fail to obtain an accurate determination result.

In contrast, with the semiconductor storage device 10 according to the first embodiment, since the voltage of the bit line BL drops to GND at timing t3, the rise of the amplified signal Pout stops even when data of logical value “0” is read. Thus, the reduction in the difference in the amplified signal Pout when data of the two logical values is read is prevented, and the reduction in the read margin is prevented. Thus, the reliability of the semiconductor storage device 10 is improved.

In addition, in the example in FIG. 1, the delay time of the signal STOP with respect to the amplified signal Pout1 is set in the detection circuit 15 c 2 in such a manner that the signal STOP reaches the threshold voltage Vth at the timing at which the amplified signal Pout corresponding to when data of logical value “1” is read is saturated. In this way, the read margin is widened further.

While the above description assumes that the pre-sense amplifier 16 does not output the signal STOP, the pre-sense amplifier 16 may also output the signal STOP, as is the case with the pre-sense amplifier 15. In this case, for example, an OR circuit that outputs a result of an OR operation on the signals STOP outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 15 and 16 is arranged. This configuration enables the semiconductor storage device 10 to manage a case in which data of logical values “0” and “1” is stored in the reference cells 12 and 13, respectively.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a second embodiment.

This semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment includes an address buffer 21, a command buffer 22, a row decoder 23, a timing generation circuit 24, a column decoder 25, a plate line driver 26, and a word line driver 27. The semiconductor storage device 20 also includes a memory cell array 28, a column switch 29, a sense amplifier unit 30, a write buffer 31, and a read buffer 32.

The address buffer 21 receives an address signal ADS supplied from the outside of the semiconductor storage device 20 via an address terminal 21 a and supplies the received address signal ADS to the row decoder 23 and the column decoder 25.

The command buffer 22 receives a chip select signal /CS, a write enable signal /WE, and an output enable signal /OE supplied from the outside of the semiconductor storage device 20 via command terminals 22 a to 22 c. Next, the command buffer 22 supplies the received chip select signal /CS, write enable signal /WE, and output enable signal /OE to the timing generation circuit 24.

The row decoder 23 generates a row decoded signal by decoding a row address included in the address signal ADS (for example, a high-order bit in the address signal ADS) and supplies the generated row decoded signal to the plate line driver 26 and the word line driver 27.

The timing generation circuit 24 decodes an operation mode indicated by the chip select signal /CS, the write enable signal /WE, and the output enable signal /OE. Next, based on the result of the decoding, the timing generation circuit 24 generates various kinds of timing signals for operating the plate line driver 26, the word line driver 27, the sense amplifier unit 30, etc. and supplies the generated timing signals to the corresponding units.

The column decoder 25 generates a column decoded signal by decoding a column address included in the address signal ADS (for example, a low-order bit in the address signal ADS) and supplies the generated column decoded signal to the column switch 29.

The plate line driver 26 applies a predetermined voltage to a plate line specified by the row decoded signal among a plurality of plate lines (not illustrated in FIG. 2) at timing based on the corresponding timing signal for a predetermined period.

The word line driver 27 applies a predetermined voltage to a word line specified by the row decoded signal among a plurality of word lines (not illustrated in FIG. 2) at timing based on the corresponding timing signal for a predetermined period.

The memory cell array 28 includes a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix, a plurality of bit lines, a plurality of word lines, and a plurality of plate lines (see FIG. 3).

The column switch 29 selects a bit line to be connected to the sense amplifier unit 30 and the write buffer 31 among the plurality of bit lines in the memory cell array 28, based on the column decoded signal.

The sense amplifier unit 30 reads data from the memory cell array 28 at timing based on a plurality of timing signals supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The write buffer 31 holds write data supplied via an input-output terminal 31 a. The write buffer 31 also has a function of holding data read by the sense amplifier unit 30 for a write back operation.

The read buffer 32 holds read data read from the memory cell array 28 by the sense amplifier unit 30. The read data is outputted to the outside of the semiconductor storage device 20 via the input-output terminal 31 a.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the memory cell array 28.

The memory cell array 28 includes bit lines BLR0, BLR1, BL[0], . . . , BL[L−1], and BL(L), word lines WL1 to WLm, and plate lines PL1 to PLm. Each of the bit lines BLR0, BLR1, and BL[0] to BL[L] is connected to m memory cells. For example, the bit line BLR0 is connected to memory cells 28 a 1 to 28 am, and the bit line BLR1 is connected to memory cells 28 b 1 to 28 bm. Likewise, the bit line BL[0] is connected to memory cells 28 c 1 to 28 cm, and the bit line BL[L−1] is connected to memory cells 28 d 1 to 28 dm. Likewise, the bit line BL[L] is connected to memory cells 28 e 1 to 28 em.

Each of the memory cells is connected to one of the word lines WL1 to WLm and one of the plates line PL1 to PLm. For example, the memory cells 28 am, 28 bm, 28 cm, 28 dm, and 28 em are connected to the word line WLm and the plate line PLm, and the memory cells 28 a 1, 28 b 1, 28 c 1, 28 d 1, and 28 e 1 are connected to the word line WL1 and the plate line PL1.

Each of the memory cells includes an nMOS transistor (which could be referred to as an access transistor or an access gate) and a capacitor. For example, the memory cell 28 am includes an nMOS transistor 28 am 1 and a capacitor 28 am 2. The gate of the nMOS transistor 28 am 1 is connected to the word line WLm. One of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 28 am 1 is connected to the bit line BLR0, and the other one of the drain and the source is connected to one end of the capacitor 28 am 2. The other end of the capacitor 28 am 2 is connected to the plate line PLm. The other memory cells have the same circuit configuration as described above.

While the following description will be made assuming that the capacitor included in an individual memory cell is a ferroelectric capacitor, a different capacitor other than a ferroelectric capacitor may alternatively be used.

In this memory cell array 28, for example, each of the memory cells 28 a 1 to 28 am connected to the bit line BLR0 functions as a reference cell that holds data of logical value “0”. In addition, each of the memory cells 28 b 1 to 28 bm connected to the bit line BLR1 functions as a reference cell that holds data of logical value “1”. The memory cells connected to the other bit lines BL[0] to BL[L] hold data of logical value “0” or “1”.

When data is read, L+3 memory cells connected to one of the word lines WL1 to WLm (or the plate lines PL1 to PLm) and connected to the bit lines BLR0, BLR1, and BL[0] to BL[L] are simultaneously selected. Alternatively, N (N≥2) groups of memory cells, each group being formed by L+3 memory cells simultaneously selected as described above, may be connected to each of the word lines WL1 to WLm and the plate lines PL1 to PLm.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the sense amplifier unit 30.

The sense amplifier unit 30 includes a plurality of pre-sense amplifiers (pre-sense amplifier 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, 30 d, etc.) and a plurality of sense amplifiers (sense amplifiers 30 e, 30 f, 30 g, 30 h, etc.). In FIG. 4, each of the pre-sense amplifiers is denoted by “PA”, and each of the sense amplifiers is denoted by “S/A”.

The pre-sense amplifier 30 a amplifies the voltage of the bit line BLR0, and the pre-sense amplifier 30 b amplifies the voltage of the bit line BLR1. The pre-sense amplifier 30 c amplifies the voltage of the bit line BL[L−1], and the pre-sense amplifier 30 d amplifies the voltage of the bit line BL[L]. In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 30 b supplies a signal STOP to the pre-sense amplifiers 30 a, 30 c, and 30 d.

Each of the sense amplifiers 30 e and 30 f has a first input terminal. These first input terminals are connected to each other and supplied with an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 c. In addition, the sense amplifier 30 e has a second input terminal that is supplied with an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b, and the sense amplifier 30 f has a second input terminal that is supplied with an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 a.

Each of the sense amplifiers 30 e and 30 f obtains the potential difference between the corresponding two output signals inputted to its own first and second input terminals. One of the sense amplifiers 30 e and 30 f that has obtained the larger potential difference performs amplification more greatly first, and the other sense amplifier is subordinated. In this way, a determination result of the logical value of the read data is determined.

Each of the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h has a first input terminal. These first input terminals are connected to each other and supplied with an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 d. In addition, the sense amplifier 30 g has a second input terminal that is supplied with an output signal of pre-sense amplifier 30 b, and the sense amplifier 30 h has a second input terminal that is supplied with an output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 a.

Each of the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h obtains the potential difference between the corresponding two output signals inputted to its own first and second input terminals. One of the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h that has obtained the larger potential difference performs amplification more greatly first, and the other sense amplifier is subordinated. In this way, a determination result of the logical value of the read data is determined.

In addition, the sense amplifiers 30 e, 30 f, 30 g, and 30 h are supplied with a signal SAON, which is one of the timing signals outputted by the timing generation circuit 24, and a signal SAONB, which is an inverted signal of the signal SAON.

An example of the circuit configuration of the sense amplifier 30 g is illustrated in FIG. 4.

The sense amplifier 30 g includes pMOS transistors 30 g 1, 30 g 2, and 30 g 3 and nMOS transistors 3094, 30 g 5, and 30 g 6. The sense amplifier 30 g also includes switches 30 g 7 and 30 g 8, each of which is formed by an nMOS transistor and a pMOS transistor.

The source of the pMOS transistor 30 g 1 is supplied with a power supply voltage VDD, and the gate of the pHOS transistor 30 g 1 is supplied with the inverted signal SAONB. The drain of the pMOS transistor 30 g 1 is connected to the sources of the pMOS transistors 30 g 2 and 30 g 3. The drains of the pMOS transistor 30 g 3 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 5 are connected to the second input terminal of the sense amplifier 30 g via the switch 30 g 7. The drains of the pMOS transistor 30 g 3 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 5 are connected to the gates of the pMOS transistor 30 g 2 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 4. The drains of the pMOS transistor 30 g 2 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 4 are connected to the first input terminal of the sense amplifier 30 g via the switch 30 g 8. The drains of the pMOS transistor 30 g 2 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 4 are connected to the gates of the pMOS transistor 30 g 3 and the nMOS transistor 30 g 5. The sources of the nMOS transistors 30 g 4 and 30 g 5 are connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 30 g 6. The source of the nMOS transistor 30 g 6 is connected to ground, and the gate of the nMOS transistor 30 g 6 is supplied with the signal SAON.

The gates of the pMOS transistors of the switches 30 g 7 and 30 g 8 are supplied with the signal SAON, and the gates of the nMOS transistors of the switches 30 g 7 and 30 g 8 are supplied with the inverted signal SAONB. With the signal SAON and the inverted signal SAONB, the switches 30 g 7 and 30 g 8 are set to a conductive state before a sensing operation and to a disconnected state when the sensing operation is started.

The other sense amplifiers have the same circuit configuration as that of the sense amplifier 30 g. In each of the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h, a switch having one end connected to its first input terminal (the switch 30 g 8 in the case of the sense amplifier 30 g) has the other end connected to the other switch. Likewise, in each of the sense amplifiers 30 e and 30 f, a switch having one end connected to its first input terminal has the other end connected to the other switch.

While not illustrated, the sense amplifier unit 30 includes pre-sense amplifiers that amplify the voltages of other bit lines and sense amplifier pairs that determine the logical values of data.

Next, an example of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b will be described.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”.

The pre-sense amplifier 30 b is connected to the memory cell 28 bm (including the nMOS transistor 28 bm 1 and the capacitor 28 bm 2) that functions as a reference cell that holds data of logical value “1” via the bit line BLR1.

The pre-sense amplifier 30 b includes an initialization circuit 41, an amplifier circuit 42, a threshold voltage generation circuit 43, a reset circuit 44, a waveform shaping circuit 45, and an output reset circuit 46.

The initialization circuit 41 is connected to the bit line BLR1 and drops the voltage of the bit line BLR1 to GND based on the control signal BUSGND. The initialization circuit 41 includes an nMOS transistor 41 a. The gate of the nMOS transistor 41 a is supplied with the control signal BUSGND. The source of the nMOS transistor 41 a is connected to ground, and the drain of the nMOS transistor 41 a is connected to the bit line BLR1. The control signal BUSGND is supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The amplifier circuit 42 amplifies the voltage of the bit line BLR1. The amplifier circuit 42 includes capacitors 42 a and 42 f, an inverter 42 b, pMOS transistors 42 c and 42 g, nMOS transistors 42 d and 42 h, and a switch 42 e.

One end of the capacitor 42 a is connected to the bit line BLR1, and the other end of the capacitor 42 a is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 42 b and one end of the switch 42 e. The output terminal of the inverter 42 b is connected to one end of the capacitor 42 f and the other end of the switch 42 e. In addition, the power supply terminal of the inverter 42 b is connected to the drain of the pMOS transistor 42 c, and the ground terminal of the inverter 42 b is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 42 d. The control signal inputted to the switch 42 e is supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The power supply voltage VDD is applied to the source of the pMOS transistor 42 c, and the gate of the pMOS transistor 42 c is supplied with a power control signal POWX. The source of the nMOS transistor 42 d is connected to ground, and the gate of the nMOS transistor 42 d is supplied with a power control signal POW. The power control signals POWX and POW are mutually complementary signals and supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The other end of the capacitor 42 f is connected to the gate of the pMOS transistor 42 g and the threshold voltage generation circuit 43. The power supply voltage VDD is applied to the source of the pMOS transistor 42 g, and the drain of the pMOS transistor 42 g is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 42 h, the reset circuit 44, and the waveform shaping circuit 45. The voltages of the drains of the pMOS transistor 42 g and the nMOS transistor 42 h represent an output signal REPLICA of the amplifier circuit 42. The source of the nMOS transistor 42 h is connected to ground, and the gate of the nMOS transistor 42 h is supplied with a signal INIT. The circuit formed by the pMOS transistor 42 g and the nMOS transistor 42 h functions as an inverter. The signal INIT is supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The threshold voltage generation circuit 43 generates a gate voltage VTHGT of the pMOS transistor 42 g, which is equal to the threshold voltage of the pMOS transistor 42 g. The threshold voltage generation circuit 43 includes pMOS transistors 43 a and 43 d, an nMOS transistor 43 b, a switch 43 c, and a capacitor 43 e.

The power supply voltage VDD is applied to the source of the pMOS transistor 43 a, and the gate of the pMOS transistor 43 a is supplied with a voltage control signal VGENP. In addition, the drain of the pMOS transistor 43 a is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 43 b and one end of the capacitor 43 e. The gate of the nMOS transistor 43 b is supplied with a voltage control signal VGENN, and the source of the nMOS transistor 43 b is connected to ground. The power supply voltage VDD is applied to one end of the switch 43 c, and the other end of the switch 43 c is connected to the source of the pMOS transistor 43 d. The gate and drain of the pMOS transistor 43 d and the other end of the capacitor 43 e are connected to the gate of the pMOS transistor 42 g in the amplifier circuit 42. The voltage control signals VGENP and VGENN and the control signal supplied to the switch 43 c are supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The reset circuit 44 outputs the signal STOP and drops the voltage of the bit line BLR1 to GND when the voltage of the signal STOP reaches a predetermined threshold or more. The reset circuit 44 includes a detection circuit 44 a and an nMOS transistor 44 b. The detection circuit 44 a outputs the signal STOP that is obtained by delaying the output signal REPLICA of the amplifier circuit 42. The detection circuit 44 a may be configured by using an even number of stages of inverters or delay circuits, for example. The gate of the nMOS transistor 44 b is supplied with the signal STOP. The source of the nMOS transistor 44 b is connected to ground, and the drain of the nMOS transistor 44 b is connected to the bit line BLR1.

The waveform shaping circuit 45 shapes the waveform of the output signal REPLICA of the amplifier circuit 42. The waveform shaping circuit 45 includes an nMOS transistor 45 a and a pMOS transistor 45 b. The power supply voltage VDD is applied to the drain of the nMOS transistor 45 a, and the drain of the pMOS transistor 45 b is connected to ground. The gates of the nMOS transistor 45 a and the pMOS transistor 45 b are supplied with the output signal REPLICA. In addition, the voltage of the drain of the nMOS transistor 45 a and the voltage of the source of the pMOS transistor 45 b, the drain and source being connected to each other, represent the output signal of the waveform shaping circuit 45.

The output reset circuit 46 drops the voltage of the output signal of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b to GND based on a reset signal RESET. The output reset circuit 46 includes an nMOS transistor 46 a. The gate of the nMOS transistor 46 a is supplied with the reset signal RESET. The source of the nMOS transistor 46 a is connected to ground, and the drain of the nMOS transistor 46 a is connected to the output terminal of the waveform shaping circuit 45. The reset signal RESET is supplied from the timing generation circuit 24.

The pre-sense amplifier 30 a illustrated in FIG. 4 has the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b illustrated in FIG. 5. However, the pre-sense amplifier 30 a of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment may be configured not to output the signal STOP. Alternatively, as is the case with the pre-sense amplifier 30 b, the pre-sense amplifier 30 a may be configured to output the signal STOP. In the latter case, a logic circuit (not illustrated) performs logic synthesis on the signals STOP outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 30 a and 30 b and distributes the result to the other pre-sense amplifiers.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the pre-sense amplifier 30 d connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “l”.

In the example in FIG. 6, the pre-sense amplifier 30 d is connected to the memory cell 28 em (including an nMOS transistor 28 em 1 and a capacitor 28 em 2) via the bit line BL[L].

As is the case with the pre-sense amplifier 30 b illustrated in FIG. 5, the pre-sense amplifier 30 d includes an initialization circuit 51, an amplifier circuit 52, a threshold voltage generation circuit 53, a reset circuit 54, a waveform shaping circuit 55, and an output reset circuit 56.

The initialization circuit 51 includes an nMOS transistor 51 a, and the amplifier circuit 52 includes a capacitors 52 a and 52 f, an inverter 52 b, pMOS transistors 52 c and 52 g, nMOS transistors 52 d and 52 h, and a switch 52 e. The threshold voltage generation circuit 53 includes pMOS transistors 53 a and 53 d, an nMOS transistor 53 b, a switch 53 c, and a capacitor 53 e, and the reset circuit 54 includes a detection circuit 54 a and an nMOS transistor 54 b. The waveform shaping circuit 55 includes an nMOS transistor 55 a and a pMOS transistor 55 b, and the output reset circuit 56 includes an nMOS transistor 56 a.

The circuit elements are connected in the same way as those in the pre-sense amplifier 30 b, except the reset circuit 54.

The gate of the nMOS transistor 54 b of the reset circuit 54 in the pre-sense amplifier 30 d is supplied with the signal STOP from the pre-sense amplifier 30 b. In addition, the detection circuit 54 a of the reset circuit 54 in the pre-sense amplifier 30 d is not active. The detection circuit 54 a is arranged to match the load of the pre-sense amplifier 30 d and the load of the pre-sense amplifier 30 b. However, the pre-sense amplifier 30 d may alternatively be configured without the detection circuit 54 a.

Next, an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment will be described.

FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment.

In FIG. 7, examples of how the voltages of the word line WLm, the plate line PLm, the power control signals POW and POWX, the control signal BUSGND, the control signals SW1 and SW2 inputted to the switches 52 e and 53 c, and the voltage control signals VGENP and VGENN change over time are illustrated. In FIG. 7, how the voltages of the signal INIT, the reset signal RESET, and the bit line BL[L], the input voltage IIN of the inverter 52 b, the output voltage IOUT of the inverter 52 b, the gate voltage VTHGT, the output signal REPLICA, and the signal STOP change over time are also illustrated. The following description assumes that the ground potential is 0 V.

First, in an initial state, both of the voltages of the word line WLm and the plate line PLm are at an L level (for example, 0 V). In addition, the logic level of the power control signal POW is at an L level, and the logic level of the power control signal POWX is at an H level (for example, the power supply voltage VDD). Since the pMOS transistor 52 c and the nMOS transistor 52 d are both in an off-state, the inverter 52 b is not active. In addition, the logic level of the control signal BUSGND is at an H level, and the nMOS transistor 51 a is in an on-state. Thus, the voltage of the bit line BL[L] is 0 V.

Based on the control signals SW1 and SW2, the switches 52 e and 53 c are in an on-state. In addition, since both the logic levels of the voltage control signals VGENP and VGENN are at an L level, the pMOS transistor 53 a is in an on-state, and the nMOS transistor 53 b is in an off-state. Both of the logic levels of the signal INIT and the reset signal RESET are set at an H level, and the nMOS transistors 52 h and 56 a are in an on-state. Thus, the output signal REPLICA and the output signal (not illustrated) of the pre-sense amplifier 30 d are 0 V.

Since the input terminal and the output terminal of the inverter 52 b are short-circuited, both of the input voltage IIN and the output voltage IOUT are about ½ of the power supply voltage VDD. In addition, the gate voltage VTHGT is equal to the power supply voltage VDD, and the signal STOP supplied from the pre-sense amplifier 30 b to the pre-sense amplifier 30 d is 0 V.

At timing T1, when the logic level of the power control signal POW changes to an H level and when the logic level of the power control signal POWX changes to an L level, the inverter 52 b is activated. Since the switch 52 e remains in an on-state, both of the input voltage IIN and the output voltage IOUT of the inverter 52 b are about VDD/2. In addition, at timing T1, both the logic levels of the signal INIT and the reset signal RESET change to an L level, and the nMOS transistors 52 h and 56 a are set to an off-state.

At timing T2, when both of the logic levels of the voltage control signals VGENP and VGENN change to an H level, the drain voltages of the pMOS transistor 53 a and the nMOS transistor 53 b drop. This voltage change causes capacitive coupling of the capacitor 53 e and drops the gate voltage VTHGT. For example, when the power supply voltage VDD is 1.8 V, if the drain voltages of the pMOS transistor 53 a and the nMOS transistor 53 b drop by 1.8 V, the gate voltage VTHGT also begins to drop by 1.8 V.

However, since the switch 53 c is in an on-state, the pMOS transistor 53 d functions as a clamp circuit and clamps the gate voltage VTHGT at the threshold voltage of the pMOS transistor 52 g (for example, VDD—0.6 V). Thus, after dropping to some extent, the gate voltage VTHGT rises back to the threshold voltage, forming a differentiated waveform. In this way, the threshold voltage generation circuit 53 functions as an initialization circuit that sets the gate voltage VTHGT to a predetermined voltage.

At timing T3, when a predetermined voltage (for example, the power supply voltage VDD) is applied to the word line WLm, the nMOS transistor 28 em 1 of the memory cell 28 em connected to the word line WLm is set to an on-state, and the data is set to be readable.

At timing T4, when the logic level of the voltage control signal VGENN changes to an L level, the nMOS transistor 53 b of the threshold voltage generation circuit 53 is set to an off-state. Since the pMOS transistor 53 a has already been in an off-state, the drains of the pMOS transistor 53 a and the nMOS transistor 53 b are set to a floating state.

At timing T4, the switches 52 e and 53 c are also set to an off-state. Since the switch 52 e is set to an off-state, the short-circuiting of the input terminal and the output terminal of the inverter 52 b is canceled. Since the input voltage IIN of the inverter 52 b is about VDD/2, the inverter 52 b operates as an inversion amplifier having a high gain. In addition, since the switch 53 c is set to an off-state, the pMOS transistor 53 d cancels the clamping of the gate voltage VTHGT.

In addition, at timing T4, the logic level of the control signal BUSGND changes to an L level, and the bit line BL[L] is set to a floating state. As a result, if the voltage of the bit line BL[L] changes after timing T4, the input voltage IIN of the inverter 52 b changes based on capacitive coupling of the capacitor 52 a. The inverter 52 b amplifies the change of the input voltage IIN and changes the output voltage IOUT in the opposite direction to the change of the input voltage IIN. In addition, based on capacitive coupling of the capacitor 52 f, the gate voltage VTHGT changes with the change of the output voltage IOUT.

At timing T5, a predetermined voltage (for example, the power supply voltage VDD) is applied to the plate line PLm. The predetermined voltage has already been applied to the word line WLm at timing T3, and the nMOS transistor 28 em 1 of the memory cell 28 em has already been in an on-state. Thus, when the predetermined voltage is applied to the plate line PLm, a positive voltage is applied to the capacitor 28 em 2.

When data of logical value “1” is stored in the memory cell 28 em, since the polarity of the voltage applied to the capacitor 28 em 2, which is a ferroelectric capacitor, is opposite to the polarity when the data is written, polarization reversal occurs. As a result, a large number of reverse charges are read to the bit line BL[L]. In contrast, when data of logical value “0” is stored in the memory cell 28 em, the polarity of the voltage applied to the capacitor 28 em 2 is the same as the polarity when the data is written, polarization reversal does not occur. As a result, a relatively small number of charges are read to the bit line BL[L]. At this point, the voltage of the bit line BL[L] begins to rise. When the voltage of the bit line BL[L] has slightly risen, the input voltage IIN of the inverter 52 b rises based on capacitive coupling of the capacitor 52 a. The inverting amplification effect of the inverter 52 b and the capacitive coupling of the capacitor 52 f drop the gate voltage VTHGT and set the pMOS transistor 52 g to an on-state. As a result, the voltage of the output signal REPLICA begins to rise. As described above, the pHOS transistor 52 g functions as a read circuit that generates a read voltage based on the charges accumulated in the memory cell 28 em.

When the data in the memory cell 28 em is read, the data in the other memory cells connected to the word line WLm is also read simultaneously. The voltage of the output signal REPLICA in the pre-sense amplifier 30 b connected to the memory cell 28 bm of all these memory cells rises more quickly than the voltages of the output signals REPLICA in the pre-sense amplifiers connected to any other memory cells that hold data of logical value “0”. In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 30 b outputs the signal STOP that is obtained by delaying the output signal REPLICA.

In the example in FIG. 7, when data of logical value “1” is read, the voltage of the signal STOP reaches the threshold voltage VTH of the nMOS transistor 54 b at timing T6 in which the output signal REPLICA is saturated. As a result, the nMOS transistor 54 b is set to an on-state, the voltage of the bit line BL[L] beings to drop to 0 V, and the output signal REPLICA stops to rise.

Next, at timing T7, since the logic levels of the signal INIT and the reset signal RESET change to an H level, the output signal REPLICA and the output signal (not illustrated) of the pre-sense amplifier 30 d are reset to 0 V. As a result, after a predetermined period of time, the logic level of the signal STOP also changes to an L level (timing T8).

For example, the timing generation circuit 24 receives the signal STOP, and supplies, when the logic level of the signal STOP is at an H level, the signal SAON and the inverted signal SAONB that enable the sense amplifiers 30 g, 30 h, etc. to the sense amplifier unit 30. With this configuration, between timing T6 and T7, the read data is determined by the sense amplifiers 30 g, 30 h, etc.

If the nMOS transistor 54 b remained off even after the above timing T6, the voltage of the bit line BL[L] would continue to rise, and as indicated by a dotted line, the output signal REPLICA would rise even after the data of logical value “0” is read. When data of logical value “1” is read, since the rise of the output signal REPLICA is saturated at the power supply voltage VDD, the difference in the output signal REPLICA between two logical values would be reduced, and the read margin would be reduced. Thus, an accurate determination result could not be obtained in the data determination processing by using the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h.

In contrast, in the case of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment, since the voltage of the bit line BL[L] drops to 0 V at timing T6, the rise of the output signal REPLICA stops even when data of logical value “0” is read. Thus, the reduction in the difference in the output signal REPLICA obtained when data of the two logical values is read is prevented, and the reduction in the read margin is consequently prevented. Therefore, the reliability of the semiconductor storage device 20 is improved.

Third Embodiment

Next, a semiconductor storage device according to a third embodiment will be described. The semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment includes pre-sense amplifiers different from those of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier 60 of the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment, the pre-sense amplifier 60 being connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier 70 of the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment, the pre-sense amplifier 70 being connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “1”. In FIGS. 5, 6, 8, and 9, like reference characters refer to like elements.

Amplifier circuits 61 and 71 in the pre-sense amplifiers 60 and 70 illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 are different from the amplifier circuits 42 and 52 in the pre-sense amplifiers 30 b and 30 d of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment. The amplifier circuit 61 in FIG. 8 includes an nMOS transistor 61 a and an inverter 61 b in addition to the elements included in the amplifier circuit 42. Likewise, the amplifier circuit 71 in FIG. 9 includes an nMOS transistor 71 a and an inverter 71 b in addition to the elements included in the amplifier circuit 52.

In the amplifier circuit 61 in FIG. 8, the drain of the nMOS transistor 61 a is connected to the output terminal of an inverter 42 b and the input terminal of the inverter 61 b, and the source of the nMOS transistor 61 a is connected to ground. The gate of the nMOS transistor 61 a is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 61 b.

In amplifier circuit 71 in FIG. 9, the drain of the nMOS transistor 71 a is connected to the output terminal of an inverter 52 b and the input terminal of the inverter 71 b, and the source of the nMOS transistor 71 a is connected to ground. In addition, the gate of the nMOS transistor 71 a is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 71 b.

Since the amplifier circuits 61 and 71 include the nMOS transistors 61 a and 71 a and the inverters 61 b and 71 b, the output voltages IOUT of the inverters 42 b and 52 b drops more quickly.

FIG. 10 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment.

The operations at timing T10, T11, T12, and T13 are the same as those at timing T1 to T4 in the case of the semiconductor storage device 20 illustrated in FIG. 7.

At timing T14, based on the rise of the input voltage IIN, the inverter 42 b in the amplifier circuit 61 in FIG. 8 drops the output voltage IOUT more quickly than the inverter 42 b of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment.

As a result, the output signal REPLICA rises more quickly than that of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment. Thus, the signal STOP reaches the threshold voltage VTH at timing T15 more quickly than that of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment. In this way, even when data of logical value “0” is read, the rise of the output signal REPLICA stops more quickly. Thus, the difference in the output signal REPLICA when data of the two logical values is read is increased further, and the read margin is widened further.

The operations at timing T16 and T17 are the same as those at timing T7 and T8 in the case of the semiconductor storage device 20 illustrated in FIG. 7.

(Write-Back Method)

Since a semiconductor storage device such as a FeRAM or a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) loses data stored in memory cells when performing a read operation, the semiconductor storage device performs a write-back operation after the read operation.

For example, when data of logical value “0” is written back to the memory cell 28 em illustrated in FIG. 3, a voltage (for example, the power supply voltage VDD) for writing the data of logical value “0” is applied to the plate line PLm, and the voltage of the bit line BL[L] is set to 0 V. As illustrated in FIG. 7 (or FIG. 10), in the case of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device 20 according to the second embodiment (or the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment), when the voltage of the signal STOP reaches the threshold voltage VTH, the voltage of the bit line BL[L] begins to drop to 0 V. Even after this timing, since the plate line driver 26 continues to apply the power supply voltage VDD, which is equal to the voltage for writing data of logical value “0”, to the plate line PLm, the read period and the write-back period for the data of logical value “0” are allowed to overlap. Thus, the time needed for the write-back operation is shortened.

After the data of logical value “0” is written in the memory cell in which the data of logical value “1” has been stored, read data determination processing is performed, and data of logical value “1” is written back to the memory cell.

The data determination result that has been obtained by the sense amplifiers 30 g and 30 h is stored in the write buffer 31 illustrated in FIG. 2, and a write-back operation of the data of logical value “1” is performed based on the determination result stored in the write buffer 31. Thus, the write buffer 31 functions as a write circuit.

FIG. 11 is a timing chart illustrating examples of changes of voltages of a word line, a plate line, and bit lines in a write-back operation.

FIG. 11 illustrates data read and write-back examples when data of logical value “0” is stored in the memory cell 28 em and data of logical value “1” is stored in the memory cell 28 cm in the memory cell array 28 illustrated in FIG. 3.

First, the power supply voltage VDD is applied to the word line WLm (timing T20). Next, the power supply voltage VDD is also applied to the plate line PLm (timing T21). As a result, the voltages of the bit lines BL[L] and BL[0] rise based on the respective data stored in the memory cells 28 em and 28 cm. However, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 10, the voltages of the bit lines BL[L] and BL[0] begin to drop to 0 V when the signal STOP reaches the threshold voltage VTH (timing T22).

At this point, since the power supply voltage VDD is continuously applied to the plate line PLm, data of logical value “0” is written in the memory cells 28 em and 28 cm. In addition, since the same data is written back to the memory cell 28 cm in which data of logical value “1” has been stored, a voltage higher than the power supply voltage VDD is applied to the word line WLm, and the power supply voltage VDD is applied to the bit line BL[0] at timing T23. In contrast, the voltage of the plate line PLm is dropped to 0 V. As a result, data of logical value “1” is written back to the memory cell 28 cm.

In the above processing, even when the data determination processing using the sense amplifiers is performed between timing T22 and T23, this period between timing T22 and T23 is used as the write-back period for the data of logical value “0”. As a result, the time needed for the write-back operation is shortened.

Fourth Embodiment

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device 80 according to a fourth embodiment. In FIGS. 1 and 12, like reference characters refer to like elements.

The semiconductor storage device 80 according to the fourth embodiment does not include the determination circuit 17, unlike the semiconductor storage device 10 according to the first embodiment. In addition, pre-sense amplifiers 81 to 83 in the semiconductor storage device 80 are different from the pre-sense amplifiers 14 to 16 in the semiconductor storage device 10.

In a reset circuit 81 a in the pre-sense amplifier 81 connected to the memory cell 11 via the bit line BL, a detection circuit 81 a 1 is an inverter, for example. When the voltage of the amplified signal Pout rises and reaches a predetermined threshold, the logic level of a detection signal DET outputted by the detection circuit 81 a 1 changes from an H level to an L level.

In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 81 includes a determination circuit 81 b having input terminals supplied with the detection signal DET outputted by the detection circuit 81 a 1 and a detection signal PDET. The detection signal PDET is a signal that is obtained by performing logic synthesis on detection signals DET0 and DET1 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83. An example of the circuit that generates the detection signal PDET will be described below.

The determination circuit 81 b outputs a determination result (signal DATA) that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data stored in the memory cell 11 based on the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes. For example, when the detection signal DET changes earlier than the detection signal POET, the determination circuit 81 b outputs the signal DATA that indicates data of logical value “1”. In contrast, when the detection signal PDET changes earlier than the detection signal DET, the determination circuit 81 b outputs the signal DATA that indicates data of logical value “0”.

The other bit lines connected to a plurality of memory cells are also connected to pre-sense amplifiers having the same configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 81.

A detection circuit 82 a 1 in a reset circuit 82 a in the pre-sense amplifier 82 connected to the reference cell 12 via the bit line BLR1 is an inverter, for example. When the amplified signal Pout1 rises and reaches a predetermined magnitude (an inverted threshold of the inverter), the logic level of the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 82 a 1 changes from an H level to an L level. In addition, the reset circuit 82 a includes an inverter 82 a 2 that outputs a signal STOP1 that is obtained by inverting the logic level of the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 82 a 1. The signal STOP1 is a signal that is obtained by delaying the amplified signal Pout1.

In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 82 includes a determination circuit 82 b having input terminals that are supplied with the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 82 a 1 and the detection signal PDET.

The determination circuit 82 b outputs a determination result (signal DATAR1) that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data stored in the reference cell 12 based on the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET1 changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes.

The pre-sense amplifier 83 connected to the reference cell 13 via the bit line BLR0 has the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 82. The pre-sense amplifier 83 outputs a signal STOP0, the detection signal DET0, and a signal DATAR0 that correspond to the signal STOP1 and the detection signal DET1 outputted by the pre-sense amplifier 82 and the signal DATA.

The determination circuits 81 b and 82 b may be arranged outside the pre-sense amplifiers 81 and 82.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a circuit that generates a signal STOP.

For example, the circuit that generates the signal STOP is an OR circuit 84 as illustrated in FIG. 13. The OR circuit 84 outputs a result of an OR operation on the signals STOP1 and STOP0 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83 as the signal STOP. When at least one of the logic levels of the signals STOP1 and STOP0 rises, the logic level of the signal STOP also rises. The signal STOP is supplied not only to pre-sense amplifiers 81-0 to 81-L but also to the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83. The pre-sense amplifiers 81-0 to 81-L are the pre-sense amplifiers that read the data of the memory cells (not illustrated) connected to the bit line BL[0] to BL[L] and output signal DATA[0] to DATA[L]. The pre-sense amplifiers 81-0 to 81-L have the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 81 illustrated in FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a circuit that generates the detection signal PDET.

As illustrated in FIG. 14, this circuit that generates the detection signal PDET may be configured by, for example, a NAND circuit 85 a and a delay circuit 85 b. The NAND circuit 85 a outputs a result of a NAND operation on the detection signals DET1 and DET0 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83, and the delay circuit 85 b delays the output signal of the NAND circuit 85 a and outputs the resultant signal as the detection signal PDET. The detection signal PDET is supplied not only to the pre-sense amplifiers 81-0 to 81-L but also to the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83. The delay time of the delay circuit 85 b is adjusted in such a manner that a time at which the detection signal PDET changes falls between a time at which the detection signal DET changes when data of logical value “1” is written in the memory cell 11 and a time at which the detection signal DET changes when data of logical value “0” is written in the memory cell 11.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, the signal STOP and the detection signal PDET are generated based on both of the outputs of the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83. In this way, the functions of the pre-sense amplifiers 82 and 83 are exchangeable. Namely, the pre-sense amplifier 82 may be configured to process data of logical value “0”, and the pre-sense amplifier 83 may be configured to process data of logical value “1”. Thus, data of logical value “0” may be stored in the reference cell 12, and data of logical value “1” may be stored in the reference cell 13.

In addition, as illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14, the signal DATA (DATA[0] to DATA[L]), DATAR1, and DATAR0 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 81 (81-0 to 81-L), 82, and 83 may be used as read data. Thus, use of another determination circuit is not needed.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the determination circuit 81 b.

While FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the determination circuit 81 b, the determination circuit 82 b also has the same circuit configuration as that of the determination circuit 81 b.

The determination circuit 81 b includes an AND circuit 81 b 1, NOR circuits 81 b 2 and 81 b 3, and an inverter 81 b 4.

The AND circuit 81 b 1 outputs a result of an AND operation on the detection signals DET and PDET as a signal SRIN.

The NOR circuits 81 b 2 and 81 b 3 are connected to each other to form an SR latch, and one of the input terminals of the NOR circuit 81 b 2 is supplied with a reset signal RES from the timing generation circuit 24, for example. One of the input terminals of the NOR circuit 81 b 3 is supplied with the signal SRIN. The output terminal of the NOR circuit 81 b 2, which is an output terminal of the SR latch, is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 81 b 4, and the output signal of the inverter 81 b 4 is the signal DATA.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of the determination circuit.

While not illustrated in FIG. 16, the logic level of the reset signal RES has already changed from an H level to an L level before timing t10. Thus, at timing t10, the logic level of the signal DATA is at an H level. In addition, at timing t10, the logic level of the detection signal DET is at an H level, and the logic level of the detection signal PDET is at an L level.

When data of logical value “1” is read from the memory cell 11 (when the memory cell 11 is a cell holding “1”), the amplified signal Pout rises and reaches a predetermined magnitude at timing t11. The logic level of the detection signal DET consequently drops from an H level to an L level. Next, at timing t12, the logic level of the detection signal PDET rises from an L level to an H level. At timing t11 and t12, since the logic level of the signal SRIN remains at an L level, the logic level of the signal DATA also remains at an H level.

In contrast, when data of logical value “0” is read from the memory cell 11 (when the memory cell 11 is a cell holding “0”), the logic level of the detection signal DET drops from an H level to an L level at timing t13, which is later than timing t12. Thus, at timing t12, the logic level of the signal SRIN rises from an L level to an H level, and the logic level of the signal DATA drops from an H level to an L level. While the logic level of the signal SRIN drops to an L level at timing t13, the state of the signal DATA is maintained by the SR latch.

In the case of the above semiconductor storage device 10 according to the first embodiment, the determination circuit 17 outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data in the memory cell 11 based on the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout1 and the potential difference between the amplified signals Pout and Pout0. In this case, if the data in the memory cell 11 is not rewritten, the ferroelectric imprint progresses, and the data in the reference cells 12 and 13 is frequently rewritten, the amplified signal Pout could represent a voltage approximately at the midpoint of the amplified signals Pout0 and Pout1. As a result, an erroneous determination could be made.

In contrast, as described above, the semiconductor storage device 80 according to the fourth embodiment performs the data determination by using the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes when data of logical value “0” is read from the memory cell 11 and a time at which the detection signal DET changes when data of logical value “1” is read from the memory cell 11. Namely, since the magnitude of the voltage of the amplified signal Pout is not used for the data determination, the data determination is stably performed without being affected by fluctuation of the charge amount of the ferroelectric capacitor such as imprint.

in the case of the semiconductor storage device 80 according to the fourth embodiment, while the signal STOP does not contribute to the data determination, deterioration in the characteristics of the memory cell 11 is prevented by dropping the voltage of the bit line BL to the ground potential by using the signal STOP.

When this effect does not need to be considered, the semiconductor storage device 80 in FIG. 12 may be configured without the circuit configuration relating to the signal STOP. For example, the nMOS transistors 14 c 1 and 15 c 1, the inverter 82 a 2, etc. may be omitted.

In place of the pre-sense amplifiers 30 a to 30 d illustrated in FIG. 4, the pre-sense amplifiers 81 to 83 as described above may be used. In this case, the sense amplifiers 30 e to 30 h illustrated in FIG. 4 are not needed.

By modifying the circuit configurations of the pre-sense amplifiers 30 b and 30 d illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 as follows, the functions equivalent to those of the pre-sense amplifier 81 to 83 are achieved.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier 91 connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”. In FIGS. 5 and 17 illustrating the pre-sense amplifiers 30 b and 91, like reference characters refer to like elements.

A detection circuit 91 a 1 in a reset circuit 91 a in the pre-sense amplifier 91 is, for example, an inverter. When the voltage of the output signal REPLICA (corresponding to the amplified signal Pout1) of the amplifier circuit 42 rises and reaches a predetermined magnitude, the logic level of the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 91 a 1 changes from an H level to an L level. The reset circuit 91 a also includes an inverter 91 a 2 that outputs a signal STOP1 that is obtained by inverting the logic level of the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 91 a 1.

In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 91 includes a determination circuit 91 b having input terminals that are supplied with the detection signal DET1 outputted by the detection circuit 91 a 1 and the detection signal PDET.

The determination circuit 91 b outputs a determination result (signal DATAR1) that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data stored in the memory cell 28 bm based on the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET1 changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes. For example, the determination circuit 91 b is formed by the same circuit configuration as that of the determination circuit 81 b illustrated in FIG. 15.

The pre-sense amplifier connected to memory cells which function as reference cells that hold data of logical value “0” is also formed by the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 91 illustrated in FIG. 17.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier 92 connected to memory cells that hold data of logical value “0” or “1”. In the pre-sense amplifiers 30 d and 92 illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 18, like reference characters refer to like elements.

A detection circuit 92 a 1 in a reset circuit 92 a in the pre-sense amplifier 92 is, for example, an inverter. When the voltage of the output signal REPLICA (corresponding to the amplified signal Pout) of the amplifier circuit 52 rises and reaches a predetermined magnitude, the logic level of the detection signal DET outputted by the detection circuit 92 a 1 changes from an H level to an L level.

In addition, the pre-sense amplifier 92 includes a determination circuit 92 b having input terminals supplied with the detection signal DET outputted by the detection circuit 92 a 1 and the detection signal PDET.

The determination circuit 92 b outputs a determination result (signal DATA[L]) that is obtained by determining the logical value of the data stored in the memory cell 28 em based on the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes.

The signal STOP and the detection signal PDET are generated by the logic circuits illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, for example.

FIG. 19 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 19 illustrates an operation example in which the pre-sense amplifiers 91 and 92 having the circuit configurations illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 are used. FIG. 19 illustrates the change of the signal DATA[L] over time, in addition to the changes of the signals illustrated in FIG. 7 over time. The changes of the signals other than the change of the signal DATA[L] over time are the same as those in FIG. 7 (the change of the signal STOP is simplified in FIG. 19).

The logic level of the signal DATA[L] has been set in advance at an H level by the reset signal supplied to the determination circuit 92 b.

When data is read, the signal REPLICA of the pre-sense amplifier 91 rises (in the same way as the signal REPLICA changes over time when data of logical value “1” is read by the pre-sense amplifier 92 in FIG. 19). Next, while not illustrated in FIG. 19, when the signal REPLICA reaches a predetermined threshold, the logic level of the detection signal DET1 drops from an H level to an L level. After a predetermined delay time, the logic level of the detection signal PDET rises from an L level to an H level. Reading data of logical value “0” by the pre-sense amplifier 92 causes the voltage of the signal REPLICA to change more slowly than reading of data of logical value “1”. Thus, in this case, the logic level of the detection signal DET remains at an H level. As a result, when the logic level of the detection signal PDET reaches an H level while the logic level of the detection signal DET remains at an H level, the determination circuit 92 b sets the logic level of the signal DATA[L] to an L level.

In contrast, when data of logical value “1” is read by the pre-sense amplifier 92, the logic level of the detection signal DET changes to an L level earlier than a time at which the detection signal PDET changes. As a result, the logic level of the signal DATA[L] outputted by the determination circuit 92 b remains at an H level.

In the example in FIG. 19, timing T6 a at which the logic level of the signal DATA[L] is determined is earlier than timing T6 at which the logic level of the signal STOP rises from an L level to an H level.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a fifth embodiment. In the semiconductor storage devices 80 and 100 according to the fourth and fifth embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 20, like reference characters refer to like elements.

A determination circuit 101 a in a pre-sense amplifier 101 in the semiconductor storage device 100 according to the fifth embodiment includes an inverter 101 a 1, a pMOS transistor 101 a 2, a determination unit 101 a 3, and an nMOS transistor 101 a 4.

The input terminal of the inverter 101 a 1 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 14 b 2, and the output signal of the inverter 101 a 1 is the signal DATA.

The gate of the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 is supplied with a signal JR outputted by the determination unit 101 a 3. When the logic level of the signal JR is at an L level, the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 is set to an on-state, supplies the power supply voltage VDD to the inverter 101 a 1, and activates the inverter 101 a 1.

The determination unit 101 a 3 outputs the signal JR that indicates the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes. When the detection signal DET changes earlier than the detection signal PDET, the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an L-level signal JR. In contrast, when the detection signal DET changes later than the detection signal PDET, the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an H-level signal JR. The signal JR is supplied to the gates of the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 and the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 and functions as a control signal that controls on and off of the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 and the nMOS transistor 101 a 4. For example, the determination unit 101 a 3 has the same circuit configuration as that of the determination circuit 81 b illustrated in FIG. 15 without the inverter 81 b 4.

The gate of the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 is supplied with the signal JR, which controls on and off of the nMOS transistor 101 a 4. The source voltage of the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 is at the ground potential, and the drain voltage of the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 indicates a determination result (signal DATA) of the read data.

With this determination circuit 101 a, when data reading is started, the logic level of the signal JR is set to an L level by the reset signal (not illustrated) supplied to the determination unit 101 a 3, the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 is set to an on-state, and the inverter 101 a 1 is activated. In addition, the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 is set to an off-state.

When data reading is started, since the logic level of the output signal of the inverter 14 b 2 changes to an L level, the inverter 101 a 1 sets the logic level of the signal DATA, which is the drain voltage of the nMOS transistor 101 a 4, to an H level.

In this way, the circuit unit including the inverter 101 a 1 and the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 previously rises the above drain voltage before the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs the signal JR that reflects the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes and a time at which the detection signal PDET changes.

When the detection signal DET changes earlier than the detection signal PDET, since the determination unit 101 a 3 continuously outputs the L-level signal JR, the logic level of the signal DATA remains at an H level. In contrast, when the detection signal DET changes later than the detection signal PDET, since the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an H-level signal JR, the pMOS transistor 101 a 2 is set to an off-state. Thus, the inverter 101 a 1 is not activated. In addition, since the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 is set to an on-state, the logic level of the signal DATA drops to an L level.

Since use of this determination circuit 101 a achieves removal of the inverter 81 b 4 from the determination circuit 81 b illustrated in FIG. 15, a data determination result is obtained more quickly.

Other bit lines connected to a plurality of memory cells are also connected to pre-sense amplifiers having the same configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 101.

A determination circuit 102 a in a pre-sense amplifier 102 includes an inverter 102 a 1, a pMOS transistor 102 a 2, a determination unit 102 a 3, and an nMOS transistor 102 a 4 and has the same circuit configuration as that of the determination circuit 101 a in the pre-sense amplifier 101.

A pre-sense amplifier 103 connected to the reference cell 13 via the bit line BLR0 has the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 102.

The determination circuits 101 a and 102 a may be arranged outside the pre-sense amplifiers 101 and 102.

The above determination circuits 101 a and 102 a may be used in place of the determination circuits 91 b and 92 b in the pre-sense amplifiers 91 and 92 in FIGS. 17 and 18. In this case, the output voltage IOUT is applied to the input terminals of the inverters 101 a 1 and 102 a 1.

FIG. 21 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 21 illustrates an operation example in which the above determination circuits 101 a and 102 a are used in place of the determination circuits 91 b and 92 b in the pre-sense amplifiers 91 and 92 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 21 illustrates the change of the signal DATA[L] over time, in addition to the changes of the signals over time illustrated in FIG. 7. The changes of the signals other than the change of the signal DATA[L] over time are the same as those in FIG. 7 (the change of the signal STOP is simplified in FIG. 21).

The logic level of the signal DATA[L] remains at an L level until the output voltage IOUT begins to drop from VDD/2. When the output voltage IOUT begins to drop from VDD/2 (timing T5), the voltage of the signal DATA[L] begins to rise.

When the detection signal DET changes later than the detection signal PDET (when data of logical value “0” is read), the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an H-level signal JR. As a result, since the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 is set to an on-state, the logic level of the signal DATA[L] changes to an L level (timing T6 b). When the detection signal DET changes earlier than the detection signal PDET (when data of logical value “1” is read), the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an L-level signal JR. In this case, since the nMOS transistor 101 a 4 remains in an off-state, the logical level of the signal DATA[L] remains at an H level.

When data of logical value “0” is read, timing T6 a at which the logic level of the signal DATA[L] is determined is even earlier than timing T6 a illustrated in FIG. 19.

Sixth Embodiment

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to a sixth embodiment. In the semiconductor storage devices 100 and 110 according to the fifth and sixth embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 22, like reference characters refer to like elements.

An amplifier circuit 11 a in a pre-sense amplifier 111 in the semiconductor storage device 110 according to the sixth embodiment includes an nMOS transistor 11 a 1 and an inverter 111 a 2.

The drain of the nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the input terminal of the inverter 111 a 2 are connected to the output terminal of the inverter 14 b 2, and the source of the nMOS transistor 11 a 1 is connected to ground. The gate of the nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the output terminal of the inverter 111 a 2 are connected to a determination circuit 111 b.

By arranging these nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and inverter 111 a 2, as is the case with the pre-sense amplifiers 60 and 70 in the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment, the output voltage of the inverter 14 b 2 drops more quickly. As a result, the amplified signal Pout rises more quickly.

The nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the inverter 111 a 2 may be arranged outside the amplifier circuit 111 a.

The determination circuit 111 b includes an inverter 111 b 1. The input terminal of the inverter 111 b 1 is connected to the gate of the nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the output terminal of the inverter 111 a 2. The output terminal of the inverter 111 b 1 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 101 a 1.

Other bit lines connected to a plurality of memory cells are also connected to pre-sense amplifiers having the same configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 111.

An amplifier circuit 112 a in a pre-sense amplifier 112 includes an nMOS transistor 112 a 1 and an inverter 112 a 2 and has the same circuit configuration as that of the amplifier circuit 111 a in the pre-sense amplifier 111. In addition, a determination circuit 112 b in the pre-sense amplifier 112 includes an inverter 112 b 1 and has the same circuit configuration as that of the determination circuit 111 b in the pre-sense amplifier 111.

A pre-sense amplifier 113 connected to the reference cell 13 via the bit line BLR0 has the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 112.

The determination circuits 111 b and 112 b may be arranged outside the pre-sense amplifiers 111 and 112.

The above determination circuits 11 b and 112 b may be used in place of the determination circuits 91 b and 92 b in the pre-sense amplifiers 91 and 92 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. In this case, the output terminal of the inverter 52 b in the pre-sense amplifier 92 is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the input terminal of the inverter 111 a 2. In addition, the output terminal of the inverter 42 b in the pre-sense amplifier 91 is connected to the drain of the nMOS transistor 112 a 1 and the input terminal of the inverter 112 a 2.

FIG. 23 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a read operation of the semiconductor storage device according to the sixth embodiment. In the operation example illustrated in FIG. 23, the determination circuits 111 b and 112 b are used in place of the determination circuits 91 b and 92 b in the pre-sense amplifiers 91 and 92 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. In addition, the nMOS transistors 111 a 1 and 112 a 1 and the inverters 111 a 2 and 112 a 2 as described above are used. FIG. 23 illustrates the change of the signal DATA[L] over time, in addition to the changes of the signals illustrated in FIG. 10 over time. The changes of the signals other than the change of the signal DATA[L] over time are the same as those in FIG. 10 (the change of the signal STOP is simplified in FIG. 23).

The logic level of the signal DATA[L] remains at an L level until the output voltage IOUT begins to drop from VDD/2. When the output voltage IOUT begins to drop from VDD/2 (timing T14), the voltage of the signal DATA[L] begins to rise. At this point, since the nMOS transistor 111 a 1 and the inverter 111 a 2 are arranged, as is the case with the pre-sense amplifiers 60 and 70 in the semiconductor storage device according to the third embodiment, the output voltage IOUT drops more quickly. As a result, the output signal REPLICA rises more quickly.

Thus, when data of logical value “0” is read, the timing at which the determination unit 101 a 3 outputs an H-level signal JR (timing T15 a at which the signal DATA[L] changes) is earlier than that of the semiconductor storage device 100 according to the fifth embodiment.

Seventh Embodiment

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device 120 according to a seventh embodiment.

While FIG. 24 illustrates only the pre-sense amplifiers and the circuit unit that generates a detection signal PDET, the other elements are the same as those of the semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, and 110 according to the fourth to sixth embodiments.

The semiconductor storage device 120 according to the seventh embodiment includes a plurality of pre-sense amplifiers (pre-sense amplifiers 121 a, 121 b 1, 121 b 2, 121 c 1, 121 c 2, 121 d, etc.), AND circuits 122 a and 122 b, a NAND circuit 123, and a delay circuit 124.

Among the plurality of pre-sense amplifiers, the pre-sense amplifiers 121 b 1 and 121 b 2 are pre-sense amplifiers connected to reference cells that hold data of logical value “0”. The pre-sense amplifiers 121 c 1 and 121 c 2 are pre-sense amplifiers connected to reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”.

The pre-sense amplifiers 121 b 1, 121 b 2, 121 c 1, and 121 c 2 have the same circuit configuration as that of any one of the pre-sense amplifiers 82, 91, 102, and 112 illustrated in FIGS. 12, 17, 20, and 22. The other pre-sense amplifiers have the same circuit configuration as that of any one of the pre-sense amplifiers 81, 92, 101, and 111 illustrated in FIGS. 12, 18, 20, and 22.

Detection signals DET00 and DET01 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 121 b 1 and 121 b 2 correspond to the above detection signal DET0, and detection signals DET10 and DET11 outputted by the pre-sense amplifiers 121 c 1 and 121 c 2 correspond to the above detection signal DET1.

The AND circuit 122 a outputs a detection signal PDET0, which is a result of an AND operation on the detection signals DET00 and DET01, and the AND circuit 122 b outputs a detection signal PDET1, which is a result of an AND operation on the detection signals DET10 and DET11. The NAND circuit 123 outputs the detection signal PDET, which is a result of a NAND operation on the detection signals PDET0 and PDET1. The delay circuit 124 delays the output signal of the NAND circuit 123 and outputs the resultant signal as the detection signal PDET. The detection signal PDET is supplied to each of the plurality of pre-sense amplifiers.

With this configuration, even when a failure occurs in a reference cell connected to one of the pre-sense amplifiers 121 b 1 and 121 b 2 or one of the pre-sense amplifiers 121 c 1 and 121 c 2, the detection signal PDET is properly generated.

FIG. 25 illustrates a semiconductor storage device according to a comparative example.

The semiconductor storage device according to the comparative example includes a plurality of pre-sense amplifiers (pre-sense amplifiers 130 a, 130 b, 130 c, 130 d, 130 e, 130 f, 130 g, 130 h, etc.) and a plurality of sense amplifiers (sense amplifiers 131 a, 131 b, 131 c, 131 d, etc.).

Among the plurality of pre-sense amplifiers, the pre-sense amplifiers 130 b and 130 f are pre-sense amplifiers connected to reference cells that hold data of logical value “0”. In addition, the pre-sense amplifiers 130 c and 130 g are pre-sense amplifiers connected to reference cells that hold data of logical value “1”.

The pre-sense amplifiers 130 b and 130 f output signals SFR0[0] and SFR0[1] that correspond to the above amplified signal Pout0, and the pre-sense amplifiers 130 c and 130 g output signals SFR1[0] and SFR1[1] that correspond to the above amplified signal Pout1.

The sense amplifiers 131 a and 131 b function as twin sense amplifiers and perform data determination based on the signal SF[O] (corresponding to the above amplified signal Pout) outputted by the pre-sense amplifier 130 a and the signals SFR0[0] and SFR1[0]. The sense amplifiers 131 c and 131 d also function as twin sense amplifiers and perform data determination based on the signal SF[1](corresponding to the above amplified signal Pout) outputted by the pre-sense amplifier 130 e and the signals SFR0[1] and SFR1[1].

FIG. 25 illustrates examples of how the voltages of the signal SF (the signal SF[0] or signal SF[1], for example), the signal SFR0 (the signal SFR0[0] or the signal SFR0[1]), and the signal SFR1 (the signal SFR1[O] or the signal SFR1[1]) change over time.

When both of the signals SFR0 and SFR1 are at a U level (a signal level that corresponds to data of logical value “0”) or at a P level (a signal level that corresponds to data of logical value “1”), the margin with respect to the signal SF could be reduced, and the data could not be determined properly.

In the case of the above comparative example, even if two reference cells that hold data of logical value “0” and two reference cells that hold data of logical value “1” are arranged, since the data determination is performed based on the potential difference, it is difficult to establish a configuration that properly respond to cell failure (redundant configuration).

In contrast, as is the case with the semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, and 110, the semiconductor storage device 120 performs data determination by using the difference between times at which the detection signals DET change when data of logical value “0” or “1” is read from the memory cells. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 24, a redundant configuration is easily configured.

Eighth Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 16, in the case of the above semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, 110, and 120, the signal DATA is determined based on whether the timing at which the logic level of the detection signal DET drops is before the timing at which the logic level of the detection signal PDET rises. The semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, 110, and 120 do not determine whether these two timings are close to each other (whether the margin is small).

FIG. 26 illustrates timing charts of an example in which a small margin occurs.

As in FIG. 16, operation examples of the determination circuit 81 b are illustrated in FIG. 26. For example, when the memory cell 11 in FIG. 12 holds “1”, the same signal DATA is outputted, whether the logic level of the detection signal DET drops at timing t11 or at timing t11 a thereafter. Likewise, when the memory cell 11 holds “0”, the same signal DATA is outputted, whether the logic level of the detection signal DET drops at timing t13 or timing t13 a there before. Namely, the same signal DATA is outputted, whether the margin is small or not.

There are cases in which lifetime evaluation is performed in a device test performed before product delivery. Those memory cells having a small margin as described above are more likely to be determined as defective cells than other memory cells, and these defective memory cells lead to shortening of the lifetime of the device. Thus, it is preferable that the margin size be evaluated when the device test is performed.

A semiconductor storage device according to an eighth embodiment enables evaluation of the margin size.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier of a semiconductor storage device according to an eighth embodiment. The same reference characters as used in the pre-sense amplifier 92 illustrated in FIG. 18 are applied to the corresponding components in the pre-sense amplifier 140 illustrated in FIG. 27.

The pre-sense amplifier 140 of the semiconductor storage device according to the eighth embodiment includes a selection circuit 141 that selects a detection signal PDET or a detection signal PDETt based on a selection signal inputted (which will be referred to as a mode selection signal SEL) and supplies the selected signal to a determination circuit 92 b.

The mode selection signal SEL is a signal that causes the selection circuit 141 to select and output the detection signal PDET in a normal operation and to select the detection signal PDETt in a test operation (in a test mode). The mode selection signal SEL may be supplied from a circuit arranged in the semiconductor storage device or from a test apparatus (a tester) connected to the semiconductor storage device.

The detection signal PDETt is inputted from the test apparatus connected to the semiconductor storage device. The time at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt rises is controlled by the test apparatus. Thus, a plurality of detection signals PDETt, each of which changes at a different time, may be inputted.

When a test is performed, the determination circuit 92 b outputs a signal DATA[L] based on the difference between a time at which the detection signal DET changes and a time at which the detection signal PDETt changes.

FIG. 28 illustrates an example of the selection circuit. The following example assumes that the mode selection signal SEL illustrated in FIG. 27 is formed by signals M1 and M2. In addition, FIG. 28 assumes that the signals M1 and M2 are supplied from the test mode generation circuit 142 arranged in the semiconductor storage device, for example.

The selection circuit 141 includes pMOS transistors 141 a and 141 b and nMOS transistors 141 c and 141 d. One of the drain and the source of the pMOS transistor 141 a and one of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 141 c are supplied with the detection signal PDET. The other one of the drain and the source of the pMOS transistor 141 a and the other one of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 141 c are connected to the determination circuit 92 b. One of the drain and the source of the pMOS transistor 141 b and one of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 141 d are supplied with the detection signal PDETt. The other one of the drain and the source of the pMOS transistor 141 b and the other one of the drain and the source of the nMOS transistor 141 d are connected to the determination circuit 92 b. In addition, the gates of the pMOS transistor 141 a and the nMOS transistor 141 d are supplied with the signal M1, and the gates of the pMOS transistor 141 b and the nMOS transistor 141 c are supplied with the signal M2.

When the logic level of the signal M1 is an L level and the logic level of the signal M2 is an H level, the selection circuit 141 outputs the detection signal PDET. When the logic level of the signal M1 is an H level and the logic level of the signal M2 is an L level, the selection circuit 141 outputs the detection signal PDETt.

The pre-sense amplifiers connected to the memory cells and the reference cells other than a memory cell 28 em are formed by the same circuit configuration as in FIG. 27. In addition, the selection circuit 141 may be applied to the individual pre-sense amplifiers of the semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, 110, and 120.

For example, the semiconductor storage device is tested by a test system, which will be described below.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a test system.

This test system 150 includes a semiconductor storage device 151 and a test apparatus 152.

This semiconductor storage device 151 is a semiconductor storage device according to the eighth embodiment and includes, for example, the pre-sense amplifier 140 illustrated in FIG. 27. In addition, the semiconductor storage device 151 includes input-output terminals 1511 p, 151 p 2, . . . , and 151 pn.

The test apparatus 152 is connected to at least one of the input-output terminals 151 p 1 to 151 pn of the semiconductor storage device 151 and tests the semiconductor storage device 151 by exchanging various kinds of signals with the semiconductor storage device 151.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 29, a detection signal PDETt outputted by the test apparatus 152 is inputted to the input-output terminal 151 p 1, and a chip enable signal /CE outputted by the test apparatus 152 is inputted to the input-output terminal 151 p 2. In addition, signals DATA[0] to DATA[L] outputted by the semiconductor storage device 151 from at least one of the input-output terminals 151 p 1 to 151 pn are inputted to the test apparatus 152.

For example, the test apparatus 152 includes at least one processor (a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or the like), a memory, a display, etc.

FIGS. 30 to 32 are timing charts illustrating examples of data determination results based on margins about memory cells.

FIGS. 30 to 32 illustrate examples of data determination results about three memory cells (memory cells a to c) having different margins, of all the memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151. As examples of the detection signals PDETt inputted from the test apparatus 152, FIGS. 30 to 32 illustrate three detection signals PDETt(t20), PDETt(t21), and PDETt(t22). The logic level of the individual detection signal PDETt rises from an L level to an H level at different timing.

FIG. 30 illustrates examples of data determination results (signal DATA) when the memory cell a holds “1” and when the memory cell a holds “0”.

When the memory cell a holds “1”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell a drops before timing t20 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t20) rises. Thus, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell a is an H level indicating that the memory cell a holds “1”. The logic level of the signal DATA is also an H level at timing t21 and timing t22 when the detection signals PDETt(t21) and PDETt(t22) are inputted.

When the memory cell a holds “0”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell a drops after timing t22 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t22) rises. Thus, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell a drops to an L level indicating that the memory cell a holds “0” (0 V in the example in FIG. 30). When the detection signals PDETt(t21) and PDETt(t22) are inputted, the logic level of the signal DATA drops to an L level at timing t21 and timing t22, respectively.

In the case of the above memory cell a, the same signal DATA is obtained when the detection signals PDETt(t20), PDETt(t21), and PDETt(t22) are inputted. When an accurate determination result is obtained about the individual detection signal PDET, the test apparatus 152 determines that the memory cell a is a good memory cell that satisfies the margin size requested when the determination circuit 92 b determines a logical value, for example.

FIG. 31 illustrates examples of data determination results (signal DATA) when the memory cell b holds “1” and when the memory cell b holds “0”.

When the memory cell b holds “1”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell b drops after timing t20 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t20) rises. In addition, the logic level of the detection signal DET drops before timing t21 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t21) rises. Thus, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell b is an L level indicating that the memory cell b holds “0”. When the detection signals PDETt(t21) and PDETt(t22) are inputted, the logic level of the signal DATA indicates an H level at timing t21 and t22, respectively.

When the memory cell b holds “0”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell b drops after timing t22 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t22) rises. Thus, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell b drops to an L level (0 V in the example in FIG. 31) indicating that the memory cell b holds “0”. When the detection signals PDETt(t21) and PDETt(t22) are inputted, the logic level of the signal DATA drops to an L level at timing t21 and timing t22, respectively.

When the memory cell b holds “1”, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA drops to an L level indicating that the memory cell b holds “0”. As in this case, if an erroneous determination result is obtained about any one of the detection signals PDETt, the test apparatus 152 determines that the corresponding memory cell (the memory cell b) is a poor memory cell that does not satisfy the above margin size, for example. This memory cell is more likely to be a defective cell than other memory cells determined as good memory cells.

FIG. 32 illustrates examples of data determination results (signal DATA) when the memory cell c holds “1” and when the memory cell c holds “0”.

When the memory cell c holds “1”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell c drops before timing t20 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt (t20) rises. Thus, at timing t20, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell c is an H level indicating that the memory cell c holds “l”. When the detection signal PDETt(t21) and PDETt(t22) are inputted, the logic level of the signal DATA is also an H level at timing t21 and timing t22, respectively.

When the memory cell c holds “0”, the logic level of the detection signal DET in the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell c drops before timing t22 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t22) rises. In addition, the logic level of the detection signal DET drops after timing t21 at which the logic level of the detection signal PDETt(t21) rises. Thus, at timing t22, the logic level of the signal DATA outputted by the pre-sense amplifier connected to the memory cell c is an H level indicating that the memory cell c holds “1”. When the detection signals PDETt(t20) and PDETt(t21) are inputted, the logic level of the signal DATA drops to an L level at timing t21 and timing t22, respectively.

When the memory cell c holds “0”, at timing t22, the logic level of the signal DATA is an H level indicating that the memory cell c holds “1”. As in this case, if an erroneous determination result is obtained about any one of the detection signals PDETt, the test apparatus 152 determines that the corresponding memory cell (the memory cell c) is a poor memory cell that does not satisfy the above margin size, for example.

The range in which the time at which the logic level of the individual detection signal PDETt rises is changed (a time width of change (t20 to t22 in the examples in FIGS. 30 to 32)) is set based on the margin size requested when the determination circuit 92 b determines the logical value. A wider range is set when a larger margin is requested, and a narrower range is set when a smaller margin is requested.

Hereinafter, an example of how the test apparatus 152 tests the semiconductor storage device 151 will be described.

FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a test method of a semiconductor storage device.

The test apparatus 152 sets a time width of change (which is represented as a change width in FIG. 33) of an individual detection signal PDETt based on a requested margin, for example, based on information inputted by the user (step S1). In this step, the number of detection signals PDETt inputted to the semiconductor storage device 151 may also be set. The following description assumes that three detection signals PDETt(t20), PDETt(t21), and PDETt(t22) whose change widths are t20 to t22 are used, as in FIGS. 30 to 32.

The test apparatus 152 turns on the power supply of the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S2) and instructs the semiconductor storage device 151 to transition to the test mode (step S3). In step S3, for example, the test apparatus 152 inputs an instruction signal for causing the test mode generation circuit 142 illustrated in FIG. 28 to generate the signal M1 whose logic level is an H level and the signal M2 whose logic level is an L level to the semiconductor storage device 151.

First, as a detection signal PDETt, the test apparatus 152 inputs the detection signal PDETt(t20) illustrated in FIGS. 30 to 32 to the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S4). Next, the test apparatus 152 reads data of the individual memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S5). The test apparatus 152 may previously write “0” (or “1”) in all the memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151.

In step S5, the test apparatus 152 supplies various kinds of signals for a read operation to the semiconductor storage device 151. Examples of these signals include a chip enable signal /CE, a chip select signal /CS, a write enable signal /WE, and an output enable signal /OE. As a result, the semiconductor storage device 151 performs a read operation and outputs data determination results (signal DATA) of the individual memory cells.

The test apparatus 152 determines whether a fail bit (an incorrect determination result) has occurred in any one of the plurality of memory cells included in the semiconductor storage device 151 (step 36). For example, the test apparatus 152 determines whether a fail bit has occurred by holding the data written in the individual memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151 and comparing the data with the data determination results of the individual memory cells obtained upon inputting the detection signal PDETt(t20).

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 31, if the test apparatus 152 detects a signal DATA indicating that the memory cell b holds “0” even when the memory cell b holds “1”, the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred.

If the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred, the processing proceeds to step S14. If the test apparatus 152 does not determine a fail bit has occurred, the test apparatus 152 inputs, as a detection signal PDETt, the detection signal PDETt(t21) illustrated in FIGS. 30 to 32 to the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S7). Next, the test apparatus 152 reads data of the individual memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151, again (step S8).

Next, the test apparatus 152 determines whether a fail bit has occurred in any one of the plurality of memory cells included in the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S9). If the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred, the processing proceeds to step S14.

If the test apparatus 152 does not determine that a fail bit has occurred, the test apparatus 152 inputs, as a detection signal PDETt, the detection signal PDETt(t22) illustrated in FIGS. 30 to 32 to the semiconductor storage device 151 (step S10). Next, the test apparatus 152 reads data of the individual memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151, again (step S11).

Next, the test apparatus 152 determines whether a fail bit has occurred (step S12).

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 32, when the test apparatus 152 detects a signal DATA indicating that the memory cell c holds “1” even when the memory cell c holds “0”, the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred.

If the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred, the processing proceeds to step S14.

If the test apparatus 152 does not determine that a fail bit has occurred, the test apparatus 152 performs a product test in which various functions of the semiconductor storage device 151 are tested (step S13). Next, the test apparatus 152 outputs a test result (step S14) and ends the test on the semiconductor storage device 151. The product test in step S13 may be performed by an apparatus different from the test apparatus 152.

If the test apparatus 152 determines that a fail bit has occurred in step S6, S9, or S12, the test apparatus 152 outputs a test result indicating the occurrence of the fail bit in step S14. For example, the test apparatus 152 may output a test result indicating that the semiconductor storage device 151 is not a product to be delivered due to the occurrence of the fail bit. If the test apparatus 152 does not determine that a fail bit has occurred in step S12 and if no problems have been detected in the product test, for example, the test apparatus 152 outputs a test result indicating that the semiconductor storage device 151 is a product to be delivered in step S14. For example, the test apparatus 152 may output and display these test results on a display or may output (transmit) these test results to another apparatus such as a computer or an external memory.

The above test may be performed on a plurality of semiconductor storage devices simultaneously. While three detection signals PDETt, each of which rises at different timing, are used in the above example, the number of detection signals PDETt is not limited to 3. Two or four or more detection signals PDETt may alternatively be used. In addition, the order of the steps in FIG. 33 may be changed as appropriate. For example, steps S7 and S10 may be switched around.

According to this test method of the semiconductor storage device 151, the margin about each of the memory cells included in the semiconductor storage device 151 is evaluated. This is because memory cells having various margins are detected by changing the time width of change of the individual detection signal PDETt.

Consequently, whether the semiconductor storage device 151 includes a memory cell having a small margin is detected. Thus, for example, devices including memory cells that could potentially be determined as defected cells due to small margins are not delivered to market, and the device reliability is improved.

If a relationship between the margin volume and a use period in which detective cells occur (or the number of times of use (for example, the number of times of data writing)) is previously known, a semiconductor storage device in which defective cells occur in a predetermined period (or a predetermined number of times of use) is extracted by the individual detection signal PDETt. For example, by determining the time width of change of the individual detection signal PDETt in view of the margin size that causes defective cells in the predetermined period, for example, a short-lived semiconductor storage device in which defective cells are likely occur in a short time such as one year is extracted.

The test method of the semiconductor storage device 151 is not limited to the above test method. The test apparatus 152 is also able to obtain a distribution indicating the change in the number of memory cells determined as holding “1” and a distribution indicating the change in the number of memory cells determined as holding “0” by changing a time at which the individual detection signal PDETt changes.

FIGS. 34 and 35 illustrate examples of how the difference in the number of fail bits counted changes by changing a time at which the detection signal PDETt changes. The horizontal axis represents the time at which the detection signal PDETt changes, and the vertical axis represents the difference in the number of fail bits counted. In FIGS. 34 and 35, 40 [ns] is the timing at which the logic level of the chip enable signal /CE indicates an L level. The difference in the number of fail bits counted is the difference in the number of memory cells determined as fail bits between a certain time at which the detection signal PDETt changes and the next time at which the detection signal PDETt changes.

In addition, in FIGS. 34 and 35, the difference in the number of fail bits counted when “1” is stored in all the memory cells in the semiconductor storage device 151 and the number of fail bits counted when “0” is stored in all the memory cells are superposed.

The example in FIG. 34 illustrates sharp peaks, each of which has a relatively narrow width. However, regarding the difference when “0” is stored in all the memory cells, the example in FIG. 35 illustrates a broader peak than those in FIG. 34. This indicates that there is a large variation in the time at which the logic level of the detection signal DET drops per memory cell when “0” is stored in all the memory cells.

These distributions as illustrated in FIGS. 34 and 35 correspond to a distribution indicating the change in the number of memory cells determined as holding “1” and a distribution indicating the change in the number of memory cells determined as holding “0”.

The test apparatus 152 may determine whether the semiconductor storage device 151 is a defective product, based on the distributions as illustrated in FIGS. 34 and 35. For example, if the width of a peak indicates a predetermined value or more, the test apparatus 152 may determine that the semiconductor storage device 151 is a defective product and exclude this defective semiconductor storage device 151 from good semiconductor storage devices 151 to be delivered.

Ninth Embodiment

In the case of the above semiconductor storage devices 80, 100, 110, and 120, fail bits may occur depending on their positions on the memory cell array.

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of positional dependence of fail bits.

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of a map of fail bits in the memory cell array 28. In FIG. 36, “x” represents the location of a fail bit. In the example in FIG. 36, in the memory cell array 28, more fail bits have occurred in an area close to the plate line driver 26, and no fail bits have occurred in an area far from the plate line driver 26.

Hereinafter, this positional dependence will be described.

If a memory cell is closer to the plate line driver 26, because of the parasitic capacitance of the plate line, the voltage waveform (a PL waveform in FIG. 36) of the plate line rises more sharply. In contrast, if a memory cell is farther from the plate line driver 26, the voltage waveform of the plate line rises more gradually. Consequently, rising of the voltage waveform of the bit line is affected (a BL waveform in FIG. 36). Namely, a bit line closer to the plate line driver 26 represents a voltage waveform rising more sharply, and a bit line farther from the plate line driver 26 represents a voltage waveform rising more gradually.

The difference between these bit line voltage waveforms also similarly affects the amplified signal Pout (or the output signal REPLICA) that determines the time at which the logic level of the detection signal DET illustrated in FIG. 16 drops.

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of positional dependence of an amplified signal and a determination margin.

In the area close to the plate line driver 26, the amplified signal Pout rises sharply. In the area far from the plate line driver 26, the amplified signal Pout rises gradually. The logic level of the detection signal DET drops from an H level to an L level when the amplified signal Pout rises and reaches a predetermined level.

As illustrated in FIG. 37, the difference (determination margin) between when the detection signal DET corresponding to data of logical value “1” drops and when the detection signal DET corresponding to data of logical value “0” drops in the area close to the plate line driver 26 is smaller than the difference in the area far from the plate line driver 26. Whether the logical value is “1” or “0” is determined based on whether the logic level of the detection signal DET drops before the logic level of the detection signal PDET rises. Thus, if the determination margin is small as is the case with the area close to the plate line driver 26, the timing control of the detection signal PDET is difficult, and as a result, fail bits could occur.

Therefore, the positional dependence of fail bits as illustrated in FIG. 36 is caused.

The following semiconductor storage device according to a ninth embodiment solves the above positional dependence of fail bits.

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a semiconductor storage device according to the ninth embodiment. The same reference characters as used in the semiconductor storage device 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 are applied to the corresponding components in the semiconductor storage device illustrated in FIG. 38.

This semiconductor storage device 160 according to the ninth embodiment includes a control circuit 161 and a sense amplifier unit 162 different from the sense amplifier unit 30 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4.

Based on the column address included in an address signal ADS (for example, a low-order bit in the address signal ADS), the control circuit 161 enables at least one of a plurality of capacitors in the pre-sense amplifier included in the sense amplifier unit 162.

Unlike the sense amplifier unit 30, the sense amplifier unit 162 includes the following pre-sense amplifier, for example.

FIG. 39 illustrates an example of a pre-sense amplifier in the semiconductor storage device according to the ninth embodiment. The same reference characters as used in the pre-sense amplifier 81 illustrated in FIG. 12 are applied to the corresponding components in the pre-sense amplifier illustrated in FIG. 39.

This pre-sense amplifier 170 includes capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 and pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 used as switches.

One end of each of the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 is connected to a memory cell 11 via a bit line BL. For example, capacitors having the same capacitance value are used as the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4.

The plurality of pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 (four transistors in this example) are arranged for the respective capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4. One end (the source) of each of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 is connected to the other end of a corresponding one of the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4. For example, the source of the pMOS transistor 171 b 1 is connected to the other end of the capacitors 171 a 1, and the source of the pMOS transistor 171 b 4 is connected to the other end of the capacitor 171 a 4. The other ends of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 are at a power supply potential.

In addition, the gates of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 receive control signals LOC<0> to LOC<3> generated by the control circuit 161. The pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 are turned on or off based on the control signals LOC<0> to LOC<3>, respectively.

The capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 and the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 in the pre-sense amplifier 170 are also applicable to the pre-sense amplifiers 92, 101, and Ill in FIGS. 18, 20, and 22.

The pre-sense amplifiers connected to the reference cells may be formed without the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 and the pHOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4. Namely, these pre-sense amplifiers may have the same circuit configuration as that of the pre-sense amplifier 83 illustrated in FIG. 12, for example.

In the semiconductor storage device 160 according to the ninth embodiment, when the memory cell 11 is read, the control circuit 161 generates the control signals LOC<0> to LOC<3> based on the address (the column address) of the memory cell 11. The control circuit 161 turns on more switches (the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4) and enables more capacitors when the memory cell 11 on the memory cell array 28 is closer to the plate line driver 26.

FIG. 40 illustrates a control signal generation example.

FIG. 40 illustrates an example of the memory cell array 28 divided into four areas based on the distance from the plate line driver 26 and examples of the control signals LOC<0> to LOC<3> generated when the memory cells in the individual areas are read.

If the memory cell 11 belongs to the area closest to the plate line driver 26 among the four areas, the control circuit 161 generates the control signals LOC<0> to LOC<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 are set to an on-state, and all the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 are enabled.

If the memory cell 11 belongs to the area second-closest to the plate line driver 26, the control circuit 161 generates the control signal LOC<0> whose logic level is an H level and the control signals LOC<l> to LOC<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, three of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 are set to an on-state, and three of the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 are enabled.

If the memory cell 11 belongs to the area third-closest to the plate line driver 26, the control circuit 161 generates the control signals LOC<C> and LOC<l> whose logic level is an H level and the control signals LOC<2> and LOC<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, two of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 are set to an on-state, and two of the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 are enabled.

If the memory cell 11 belongs to the area farthest from the plate line driver 26, the control circuit 161 generates the control signals LOC<0> to LOC<2> whose logic level is an H level and the control signal LOC<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, one of the pMOS transistors 171 b 1 to 171 b 4 is set to an on-state, and one of the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 is enabled.

As described above, if the memory cell 11 is closer to the plate line driver 26, more capacitors will be enabled. Consequently, whether the memory cell is close to or far from the plate line driver 26, the voltage waveform of the bit line connected to the memory cell rises at the same rate. Namely, the voltage waveform of the bit line rises equally. The same holds true for the amplified signal Pout (or the output signal REPLICA) that determines the timing at which the logic level of the detection signal DET drops.

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of how the positional dependence of the amplified signal and the determination margin is solved.

Even if the memory cell is close to the plate line driver 26, the amplified signal Pout rises at the same rate as in the case where the memory cell is far from the plate line driver 26. Thus, the same determination margin is obtained as in the case where the memory cell is far from the plate line driver 26. In this way, since the positional dependence of the occurrence of fail bits is solved, the timing control of the detection signal PDET is performed easily also on the memory cells close to the plate line driver 26, and the occurrence of fail bits is prevented.

Depending on the distance from the plate line driver 26, a certain number of capacitors may be connected to a bit line of the memory cell array 28. However, in this case, the area of the memory cell array 28 is increased. This increase of the area is avoided by arranging the capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 in the memory cell array 28 and changing the number of capacitors enabled depending on the position of the read memory cell 11, as illustrated in FIG. 39.

The number of capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 is at least 2. Namely, the number of capacitors 171 a 1 to 171 a 4 is not limited to the above number. The number of capacitors is suitably determined by comparing how much the accuracy in solving the positional dependence of the occurrence of fail bits is improved by increasing the number of capacitors with the increase of the circuit area.

Tenth Embodiment

Next, a semiconductor storage device according to a tenth embodiment will be described. As is the case with the semiconductor storage device 160 according to the ninth embodiment, the semiconductor storage device according to the tenth embodiment solves the positional dependence of fail bits.

FIG. 42 illustrates an example of the semiconductor storage device according to the tenth embodiment. The same reference characters as used in the semiconductor storage device 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 are applied to the corresponding components in the semiconductor storage device illustrated in FIG. 42.

This semiconductor storage device 180 according to the tenth embodiment includes a control circuit 181 and a plate line driver 182 different from the plate line driver 26 in FIG. 2. A sense amplifier unit 183 includes pre-sense amplifiers (for example, the pre-sense amplifiers 81 to 83, etc. in FIG. 12) used in the semiconductor storage device according to the fourth and subsequent embodiments.

Based on the column address included in an address signal ADS (for example, a low-order bit in the address signal ADS), the control circuit 181 enables at least one of a plurality of driver circuits included in the plate line driver 182.

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of the plate line driver. While FIG. 43 illustrates a part for driving a plate line PLm, the other parts driving the other plate lines are configured in the same way.

The plate line driver 182 includes a buffer 182 a, NAND circuits 182 b 1 to 182 b 4, and driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4.

A row decoder 23 supplies the buffer 182 a with a row decoded signal PLINm whose logic level indicates an H level when an individual memory cell connected to the plate line PLm is read.

One input terminal of each of the NAND circuits 182 b 1 to 182 b 4 is supplied with the row decoded signal PLINm. The other input terminal of the NAND circuit 182 b 1 is supplied with a control signal COL<0>, and the other input terminal of the NAND circuit 182 b 2 is supplied with a control signal COL<1>. The other input terminal of the NAND circuit 182 b 3 is supplied with a control signal COL<2>, and the other input terminal of the NAND circuit 182 b 4 is supplied with a control signal COL<3>. These control signals COL<0> to COL<3> are supplied from the control circuit 181.

An output signal SEL<0> outputted from the NAND circuit 182 b 1 is inputted to the driver circuit 182 c 1, and an output signal SEL<l> outputted from the NAND circuit 182 b 2 is inputted to the driver circuit 182 c 2. An output signal SEL<2> outputted from the NAND circuit 182 b 3 is inputted to the driver circuit 182 c 3, and an output signal SEL<3> outputted from the NAND circuit 182 b 4 is inputted to the driver circuit 182 c 4.

The driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 are enabled or disabled based on the logic levels of the control signals COL<0> to COL<3>. For example, when the logic level of the control signal COL<l> is an L level, irrespective of the logic level of the row decoded signal PLINm, the output signal SEL<1> of the NAND circuit 182 b 2 indicates an H level, and the driver circuit 182 c 2 is disabled.

If more of the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 are enabled, the plate line driver 182 exhibits higher output performance. In contrast, if fewer of the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 are enabled, the plate line driver 182 exhibits lower output performance.

At least one of the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 outputs a signal of a voltage level for reading when an individual memory cell connected to the plate line PLm is selected and outputs a signal of a voltage level (for example, 0 V) that is lower than the above voltage level when the above memory cell is not selected. The following example assumes that the driver circuit 182 c 1 outputs a signal of a voltage level for reading when an individual memory cell connected to the plate line PLm is selected and outputs a signal of 0 V when the above memory cell is not selected.

When enabled, the driver circuits 182 c 2 to 182 c 4 output the signal of the voltage level for reading. In contrast, when disabled, the driver circuits 182 c 2 to 182 c 4 output a signal of a high impedance level between the voltage level for reading and 0 V.

The output terminals of the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 are connected to the plate line PLm.

As illustrated in FIG. 43, each of the driver circuits 182 c 2 to 182 c 4 includes, for example, a pMOS transistor 182 d and an nMOS transistor 182 e. A power supply voltage VDD is applied to the source of the pMOS transistor 182 d as the voltage level for reading, and the drains of the pMOS transistor 182 d and the nMOS transistor 182 e are connected to the plate line PLm. The gate of the pMOS transistor 182 d is supplied with any one of the output signals SEL<1> to SEL<3> (SEL<1:3>), and the gate and the source of the nMOS transistor 182 e are connected to ground.

In the case of the semiconductor storage device 180 according to the tenth embodiment, when an individual memory cell connected to the plate line PLm is read, the control circuit 181 generates the control signals COL<0> to COL<3> based on the address (column address) of the memory cell. The control circuit 181 enables more driver circuits when the memory cell to be read on the memory cell array 28 is farther from the plate line driver 182.

FIG. 44 illustrates a control signal generation example.

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of the memory cell array 28 divided into four areas based on the distance from the plate line driver 26 and examples of the control signals COL<0> to COL<3> generated when the memory cells in the individual areas are read.

If a memory cell belongs to the area closest to the plate line driver 182 among the four areas, the control circuit 181 generates the control signal COL<0> whose logic level is an H level and the control signals COL<1> to COL<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, the driver circuit 182 c 1 is enabled, and the driver circuits 182 c 2 to 182 c 4 are disabled.

If a memory cell belongs to the area second-closest to the plate line driver 182, the control circuit 181 generates the control signals COL<0> and COL<l> whose logic level is an H level and the control signals COL<2> and COL<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, the driver circuits 182 c 1 and 182 c 2 are enabled, and the driver circuits 182 c 3 and 182 c 4 are disabled.

If a memory cell belongs to the area third-closest to the plate line driver 182, the control circuit 181 generates the control signals COL<0> to COL<2> whose logic level is an H level and the control signal COL<3> whose logic level is an L level. As a result, the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 3 are enabled, and the driver circuit 182 c 4 is disabled.

If a memory cell belongs to the area farthest from the plate line driver 182, the control circuit 181 generates the control signals COL<0> to COL<3> whose logic level is an H level. As a result, all the driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 are enabled. In this case, the plate line driver 182 exhibits the highest output performance with respect to the plate line connected to the memory cell.

As described above, if the memory cell to be read is farther from the plate line driver 182, more driver circuits are enabled. Consequently, whether the memory cell is close to or far from the plate line driver 182, the voltage waveform of the plate line rises at the same rate.

Consequently, whether the memory cell is close to or far from the plate line driver 182, the voltage waveform of the bit line connected to the memory cell rises at the same rate. Namely, the voltage waveform of the bit line rises equally. The same holds true for the amplified signal Pout (or the output signal REPLICA) that determines the timing at which the logic level of the detection signal DET drops.

As a result, as is the case with the semiconductor storage device 160 according to the ninth embodiment, the semiconductor storage device 180 according to the tenth embodiment solves the positional dependence of the occurrence of fail bits.

The number of driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 is at least 2. Namely, the number of driver circuits 182 c 1 to 182 c 4 is not limited to the above number. The number of driver circuits is suitably determined by comparing how much the accuracy in solving the positional dependence of the occurrence of fail bits is improved by increasing the number of driver circuits with the increase of the circuit area.

While an aspect of the semiconductor storage devices, the read method thereof, and the test method thereof has been described based on the above embodiments, the above description is only an example, and the embodiments are not limited to the above description.

In one aspect, the embodiments prevent reduction of the read margin that could occur when data written in a memory cell is read and achieve stable data determination when data written in a memory cell is read.

All examples and conditional language provided herein are intended for the pedagogical purposes of aiding the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to further the art, and are not to be construed as limitations to such specifically recited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority and inferiority of the invention. Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising: a memory cell which includes a first capacitor that accumulates charges of a first charge amount corresponding to data of a first logical value or data of a second logical value, reading of which causes a voltage of a bit line to change more quickly than reading of the data of the first logical value; a first reference cell which includes a second capacitor that accumulates charges of a second charge amount corresponding to data of the second logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a second reference cell which includes a third capacitor that accumulates charges of a third charge amount corresponding to data of the first logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a first read circuit which is connected to the first reference cell via a first bit line, generates a first amplified signal by amplifying a first voltage of the first bit line when the memory cell is read, and outputs a stop signal that is obtained by delaying the first amplified signal; a second read circuit which is connected to the second reference cell via a second bit line, generates a second amplified signal by amplifying a second voltage of the second bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the stop signal, and drops the second voltage to a ground potential when a voltage of the stop signal reaches a threshold; a third read circuit which is connected to the memory cell via a third bit line, generates a third amplified signal by amplifying a third voltage of the third bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the stop signal, and drops the third voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the stop signal reaches the threshold; and a determination circuit which outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining a logical value of data stored in the memory cell based on a potential difference between the first amplified signal and the third amplified signal and a potential difference between the second amplified signal and the third amplified signal.
 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein a delay time of the stop signal with respect to the first amplified signal is set in such a manner that the voltage of the stop signal reaches the threshold when the third amplified signal generated when data of the second logical value is read is saturated.
 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the third read circuit includes a first n-channel type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a drain that is connected to the third bit line, a gate that is supplied with the stop signal, and a source that is connected to ground, and wherein the threshold is a threshold voltage of the first n-channel type MOSFET.
 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first read circuit, the second read circuit, and the third read circuit includes an amplifier circuit that generates a corresponding one of the first amplified signal, the second amplified signal, and the third amplified signal, wherein the amplifier circuit includes: a fourth capacitor having one end connected to a corresponding one of the first bit line, the second bit line, and the third bit line; a first inverter having a first input terminal connected to another end of the fourth capacitor; a fifth capacitor having one end connected to a first output terminal of the first inverter; and a second inverter that has a second input terminal connected to another end of the fifth capacitor and that outputs a corresponding one of the first amplified signal, the second amplified signal, and the third amplified signal.
 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein the first input terminal and the first output terminal of the first inverter are connected to each other via a switch, and wherein the switch changes from on to off between when the memory cell is selected and when a predetermined voltage is applied to a plate line connected to the first capacitor.
 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein the amplifier circuit further includes: a second n-channel type MOSFET having a drain connected to the first output terminal of the first inverter and a source connected to ground; and a third inverter having a third input terminal connected to the drain of the second n-channel type MOSFET and a third output terminal connected to a gate of the second n-channel type MOSFET.
 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, further comprising: a threshold voltage generation circuit that sets, before reading of the memory cell is started, a gate voltage of a p-channel type MOSFET included in the second inverter to a threshold voltage of the p-channel type MOSFET.
 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising: a plate line driver that applies a predetermined voltage to a plate line connected to the memory cell, wherein, in a read period of the memory cell, the plate line driver writes back data of the first logical value to the memory cell by continuously applying the predetermined voltage to the plate line when the third voltage is dropped to the ground potential by the stop signal.
 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, further comprising: a write circuit that writes back, after the data of the first logical value is written back, data of the second logical value to the memory cell from which the data of the second logical value has been read, based on the determination result outputted by the determination circuit.
 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first read circuit, the second read circuit, and the third read circuit has a waveform shaping circuit that shapes a waveform of a corresponding one of the first amplified signal, the second amplified signal, and the third amplified signal.
 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitor, the second capacitor, and the third capacitor are ferroelectric capacitors.
 12. A semiconductor storage device comprising: a memory cell which includes a first capacitor that accumulates charges of a first charge amount corresponding to data of a first logical value or data of a second logical value, reading of which causes a voltage of a bit line to change more quickly than reading of the data of the first logical value; a first reference cell which includes a second capacitor that accumulates charges of a second charge amount corresponding to data of the second logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a second reference cell which includes a third capacitor that accumulates charges of a third charge amount corresponding to data of the first logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a first read circuit which is connected to one of the first reference cell and the second reference cell via a first bit line, generates a first amplified signal by amplifying a first voltage of the first bit line when the memory cell is read, outputs a first stop signal that is obtained by delaying the first amplified signal, receives a third stop signal based on the first stop signal and a second stop signal, and drops the first voltage to a ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches a threshold; a second read circuit which is connected to another one of the first reference cell and the second reference cell via a second bit line, generates a second amplified signal by amplifying a second voltage of the second bit line when the memory cell is read, outputs the second stop signal that is obtained by delaying the second amplified signal, receives the third stop signal, and drops the second voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches the threshold; a third read circuit which is connected to the memory cell via a third bit line, generates a third amplified signal by amplifying a third voltage of the third bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the third stop signal, and drops the third voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches the threshold; and a determination circuit which outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining a logical value of data stored in the memory cell based on a difference between a time at which a first detection signal, which is generated based on the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal, changes and a time at which a second detection signal, which is generated based on the third amplified signal, changes.
 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein the first detection signal is a signal whose logic level changes a predetermined time after the first amplified signal generated by the first read circuit connected to the first reference cell or the second amplified signal generated by the second read circuit connected to the first reference cell rises and reaches a predetermined magnitude.
 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein the third stop signal is a signal whose logic level rises when a logic level of at least one of the first stop signal and the second stop signal rises.
 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein, when the second detection signal changes earlier than the first detection signal, the determination circuit outputs the determination result that indicates the second logical value, and wherein, when the first detection signal changes earlier than the second detection signal, the determination circuit outputs the determination result that indicates the first logical value.
 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein the determination circuit includes: a determination unit which outputs a control signal that indicates the difference; a first n-channel type MOSFET whose drain voltage indicates the determination result, whose source voltage indicates the ground potential, and whose on and off are controlled by the control signal; and a circuit unit which raises the drain voltage in advance before the determination unit outputs the control signal.
 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 16, wherein each of the first read circuit, the second read circuit, and the third read circuit includes an amplifier circuit that generates a corresponding one of the first amplified signal, the second amplified signal, and the third amplified signal, wherein the amplifier circuit includes: a fourth capacitor having one end connected to a corresponding one of the first bit line, the second bit line, and the third bit line; a first inverter having a first input terminal connected to another end of the fourth capacitor; a fifth capacitor having one end connected to a first output terminal of the first inverter; a second inverter that has a second input terminal connected to another end of the fifth capacitor and that outputs a corresponding one of the first amplified signal, the second amplified signal, and the third amplified signal; a second n-channel type MOSFET having a drain connected to the first output terminal of the first inverter and a source connected to ground; and a third inverter having a third input terminal connected to the drain of the second n-channel type MOSFET and a third output terminal connected to a gate of the second n-channel type MOSFET, wherein the circuit unit raises the drain voltage in advance before the determination unit outputs the control signal based on an output signal of the third inverter.
 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, wherein the first read circuit is provided in a pair and the second read circuit is provided in a pair, and the first detection signal is generated based on a pair of first amplified signals and a pair of second amplified signals.
 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, further comprising: a selection circuit which selects one of the first detection signal and a third detection signal inputted, based on a selection signal inputted and supplies the selected one of the first detection signal and the third detection signal to the determination circuit, wherein, when the selection circuit selects the third detection signal, the determination circuit outputs the determination result based on a difference between the time at which the second detection signal changes and a time at which the third detection signal changes.
 20. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, further comprising: a plate line which is connected to the memory cell; a plurality of sixth capacitors, each of which has one end that is connected to the memory cell via the third bit line; and a control circuit which enables, when the memory cell on a memory cell array is read, more sixth capacitors among the plurality of sixth capacitors as the memory cell is closer to a plate line driver that drives the plate line, based on an address of the memory cell.
 21. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 20, wherein the plurality of sixth capacitors are arranged in the third read circuit.
 22. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 12, further comprising: a plate line which is connected to the memory cell; a plate line driver which includes a plurality of driver circuits that drive the plate line; and a control circuit which enables, when the memory cell on a memory cell array is read, more driver circuits among the plurality of driver circuits as the memory cell is farther from the plate line driver, based on an address of the memory cell.
 23. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 22, wherein a first driver circuit, which is at least one of the plurality of driver circuits, outputs a signal of a first voltage level when the memory cell is selected and outputs a signal of a second voltage level that is lower than the first voltage level when the memory cell is not selected, and wherein at least one second driver circuit, which is other than the first driver circuit among the plurality of driver circuits, outputs a signal of the first voltage level when enabled and outputs a signal of a high-impedance level between the first voltage level and the second voltage level when disabled.
 24. A read method of a semiconductor storage device, the read method comprising: generating, by a first read circuit connected via a first bit line to a first reference cell that is read when a memory cell is read, a first amplified signal by amplifying a first voltage of the first bit line when the memory cell is read and outputting a stop signal that is obtained by delaying the first amplified signal, the first reference cell including a first capacitor that accumulates charges of a first charge amount corresponding to data of a second logical value, reading of which causes a voltage of a third bit line to change more quickly than reading of data of a first logical value, the memory cell including a second capacitor that accumulates charges of a second charge amount corresponding to the data of the first logical value or the data of the second logical value; generating, by a second read circuit connected via a second bit line to a second reference cell that is read when the memory cell is read, a second amplified signal by amplifying a second voltage of the second bit line when the memory cell is read, receiving the stop signal, and dropping the second voltage to a ground potential when a voltage of the stop signal reaches a threshold, the second reference cell including a third capacitor that accumulates charges of a third charge amount corresponding to the data of the first logical value; generating, by a third read circuit connected to the memory cell via a third bit line, a third amplified signal by amplifying a third voltage of the third bit line when the memory cell is read, receiving the stop signal, and dropping the third voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the stop signal reaches the threshold; and outputting, by a determination circuit, a determination result that is obtained by determining a logical value of data stored in the memory cell based on a potential difference between the first amplified signal and the third amplified signal and a potential difference between the second amplified signal and the third amplified signal.
 25. A test method of a semiconductor storage device, the test method comprising: inputting, by a test apparatus, a third detection signal to the semiconductor storage device, the semiconductor storage device including: a memory cell which includes a first capacitor that accumulates charges of a first charge amount corresponding to data of a first logical value or data of a second logical value, reading of which causes a voltage of a bit line to change more quickly than reading of the data of the first logical value; a first reference cell which includes a second capacitor that accumulates charges of a second charge amount corresponding to data of the second logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a second reference cell which includes a third capacitor that accumulates charges of a third charge amount corresponding to data of the first logical value and which is read with the memory cell when the memory cell is read; a first read circuit which is connected to one of the first reference cell and the second reference cell via a first bit line, generates a first amplified signal by amplifying a first voltage of the first bit line when the memory cell is read, outputs a first stop signal that is obtained by delaying the first amplified signal, receives a third stop signal based on the first stop signal and a second stop signal, and drops the first voltage to a ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches a threshold; a second read circuit which is connected to another one of the first reference cell and the second reference cell via a second bit line, generates a second amplified signal by amplifying a second voltage of the second bit line when the memory cell is read, outputs the second stop signal that is obtained by delaying the second amplified signal, receives the third stop signal, and drops the second voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches the threshold; a third read circuit which is connected to the memory cell via a third bit line, generates a third amplified signal by amplifying a third voltage of the third bit line when the memory cell is read, receives the third stop signal, and drops the third voltage to the ground potential when the voltage of the third stop signal reaches the threshold; a determination circuit which outputs a determination result that is obtained by determining a logical value of data stored in the memory cell based on a difference between a time at which a first detection signal generated based on the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal changes and a time at which a second detection signal generated based on the third amplified signal changes; and a selection circuit which supplies the determination circuit with one of a plurality of the third detection signals, each of which changes at a different time, instead of the first detection signal when a test is performed, based on a selection signal inputted; outputting, by the determination circuit, the determination result based on a difference between the time at which the second detection signal changes and a time at which the third detection signal inputted changes; and determining, by the test apparatus, whether the determination result is correct.
 26. The test method of the semiconductor storage device according to claim 25, wherein a time width of change of the plurality of third detection signals is set to be wider when a margin requested when the logical value is determined by the determination circuit is larger and set to be narrower when the margin is smaller.
 27. The test method of the semiconductor storage device according to claim 25, wherein, when the test apparatus determines that the determination result is not correct, the test apparatus outputs a test result indicating that the semiconductor storage device is not to be delivered. 